Hirani Rahim, Smiley Abbas
School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York, NY 10595, USA.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jan 31;13(2):387. doi: 10.3390/life13020387.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which there is a recurrent collapse of the upper airway while sleeping, is a widespread disease affecting 5% to 10% people worldwide. Despite several advances in the treatment modalities for OSA, morbidity and mortality remain a concern. Common symptoms include loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, morning headache, insomnia, hypersomnia, attention deficits, and irritability. Obese individuals, male gender, older age (65+), family history, smoking, and alcohol consumption are well recognized risk factors of OSA. This condition holds the ability to increase inflammatory cytokines, cause metabolic dysfunction, and increase the sympathetic output, all of which exacerbate OSA due to their effect on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss its brief history, risk factors, complications, treatment modalities, and the role of clinicians in curbing its risk.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种在睡眠时上呼吸道反复塌陷的病症，是一种影响全球5%至10%人群的广泛疾病。尽管OSA的治疗方式有了多项进展，但发病率和死亡率仍然令人担忧。常见症状包括大声打鼾、睡眠时喘气、晨起头痛、失眠、嗜睡、注意力不集中和易怒。肥胖个体、男性、老年（65岁以上）、家族史、吸烟和饮酒是公认的OSA危险因素。这种病症能够增加炎性细胞因子、导致代谢功能障碍并增加交感神经输出，所有这些由于它们对心血管系统的影响而加剧OSA。在本综述中，我们讨论其简史、危险因素、并发症、治疗方式以及临床医生在控制其风险方面的作用。
