Systems Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Nat Commun. 2023 Mar 8;14(1):1274. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36827-z.
The globalized supply chain for crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) panels is increasingly fragile, as the now-mundane freight crisis and other geopolitical risks threaten to postpone major PV projects. Here, we study and report the results of climate change implications of reshoring solar panel manufacturing as a robust and resilient strategy to reduce reliance on foreign PV panel supplies. We project that if the U.S. could fully bring c-Si PV panel manufacturing back home by 2035, the estimated greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption would be 30% and 13% lower, respectively, than having relied on global imports in 2020, as solar power emerges as a major renewable energy source. If the reshored manufacturing target is achieved by 2050, the climate change and energy impacts would be further reduced by 33% and 17%, compared to the 2020 level. The reshored manufacturing demonstrates significant progress in domestic competitiveness and toward decarbonization goals, and the positive reductions in climate change impacts align with the climate target.
全球化的晶体硅 (c-Si) 光伏 (PV) 组件供应链日益脆弱，如今司空见惯的货运危机和其他地缘政治风险威胁着推迟主要的 PV 项目。在这里，我们研究并报告了将太阳能电池板制造回迁作为减少对外国 PV 组件供应依赖的稳健和有弹性的策略的气候变化影响的结果。我们预计，如果美国能够在 2035 年前完全将 c-Si PV 组件制造带回国内，那么与 2020 年依赖全球进口相比，估计温室气体排放量和能源消耗将分别降低 30%和 13%，因为太阳能作为主要可再生能源崭露头角。如果到 2050 年实现了回迁制造目标，与 2020 年相比，气候变化和能源的影响将进一步降低 33%和 17%。与 2020 年相比，回迁制造在国内竞争力和脱碳目标方面取得了显著进展，对气候变化影响的积极减少符合气候目标。
