Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 1;20(5):4423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054423.
Smoking poses a threat to global public health. This study analyzed data from the 2016-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate smoking's impact on periodontal health and identify potential risk factors associated with poor periodontal health in Korean adults. The final study population was 9178 patients, with 4161 men and 5017 women. The dependent variable was the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), to investigate periodontal disease risks. Smoking was the independent variable and was divided into three groups. The chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used in this study. Current smokers had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers (males OR: 1.78, 95% CIs = 1.43-2.23, females OR: 1.44, 95% CIs = 1.04-1.99). Age, educational level, and dental checkups affected periodontal disease. Men with a higher number of pack years had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers (OR: 1.84, 95% CIs = 1.38-2.47). Men who quit smoking for less than five years had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers but lower than current smokers (current OR: 1.78, 95% CIs = 1.43-2.23, ex OR: 1.42, 95% CIs = 1.04-1.96). Those who had quit smoking for less than five years had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers but lower than current smokers (males OR: 1.42, 95% CIs = 1.04-1.96, females OR: 1.11, 95% CIs = 1.71-1.74). It is necessary to motivate smokers by educating them on the importance of early smoking cessation.
吸烟对全球公共健康构成威胁。本研究分析了 2016-2018 年全国健康与营养调查的数据，旨在探讨吸烟对牙周健康的影响，并确定韩国成年人牙周健康不良的潜在危险因素。最终研究人群为 9178 名患者，其中男性 4161 人，女性 5017 人。因变量为社区牙周指数（CPI），用于调查牙周病风险。吸烟为自变量，分为三组。本研究采用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归分析。与不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者患牙周病的风险更高（男性 OR：1.78，95%置信区间[CI]：1.43-2.23，女性 OR：1.44，95%CI：1.04-1.99）。年龄、受教育程度和牙科检查均影响牙周病。与不吸烟者相比，吸烟年限较长的男性患牙周病的风险更高（OR：1.84，95%CI：1.38-2.47）。戒烟时间不足 5 年的男性患牙周病的风险高于不吸烟者，但低于当前吸烟者（当前 OR：1.78，95%CI：1.43-2.23，前 OR：1.42，95%CI：1.04-1.96）。戒烟时间不足 5 年的人群患牙周病的风险高于不吸烟者，但低于当前吸烟者（男性 OR：1.42，95%CI：1.04-1.96，女性 OR：1.11，95%CI：1.71-1.74）。有必要通过教育吸烟者早期戒烟的重要性来激励他们。
