Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 2;24(5):4808. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054808.
Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men and women, it is characterized by the unregulated proliferation of tumor cells. Some of the common risk factors associated with cancer development include the consistent exposure of body cells to carcinogenic agents such as alcohol, tobacco, toxins, gamma rays and alpha particles. Besides the above-mentioned risk factors, conventional therapies such as radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have also been linked to the development of cancer. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been invested in the synthesis of eco-friendly green metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and their medical application. Comparatively, metallic NPs have greater advantages over conventional therapies. Additionally, metallic NPs can be functionalized with different targeting moieties e.g., liposomes, antibodies, folic acid, transferrin, and carbohydrates. Herein, we review and discuss the synthesis, and therapeutic potential of green synthesized metallic NPs for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Finally, the advantages of green hybridized activatable NPs over conventional photosensitizers (PSs) and the future perspectives of nanotechnology in cancer research are discussed in the review. Furthermore, we anticipate that the insights offered in this review will inspire the design and development of green nano-formulations for enhanced image-guided PDT in cancer treatment.
在全球范围内，癌症是男性和女性死亡的主要原因之一，其特征是肿瘤细胞的不受控制的增殖。一些与癌症发展相关的常见风险因素包括身体细胞持续暴露于致癌剂，如酒精、烟草、毒素、伽马射线和阿尔法粒子。除了上述风险因素外，放射疗法和化学疗法等传统疗法也与癌症的发展有关。在过去的十年中，人们投入了大量精力来合成环保型绿色金属纳米粒子（NPs）及其在医学上的应用。相比之下，金属 NPs 比传统疗法具有更大的优势。此外，金属 NPs 可以用不同的靶向部分（例如脂质体、抗体、叶酸、转铁蛋白和碳水化合物）进行功能化。本文综述并讨论了绿色合成金属 NPs 在增强癌症光动力治疗（PDT）方面的合成和治疗潜力。最后，在综述中讨论了绿色杂化可激活 NPs 相对于传统光敏剂（PS）的优势以及纳米技术在癌症研究中的未来展望。此外，我们预计，本综述中提供的见解将激发绿色纳米制剂的设计和开发，以增强癌症治疗中的图像引导 PDT。
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