Islam Md Hafizul, Jubayer Ahmed, Nowar Abira, Nayan Md Moniruzzaman, Islam Saiful
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Institute of Social Research (BISR) Trust, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Mar 21;9(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00715-y.
Minimum dietary diversity for women, an important dimension of diet quality, has been widely used as a proxy indicator for micronutrient adequacy. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), women of reproductive age (WRA) particularly are at high risk of inadequate micronutrient intake resulting from poor diversified diets. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess dietary diversity and micronutrients adequacy in the diets of WRA of St. Martin's island, along with their socio-economic determinants. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 201 WRA living at St. Martin's island. Utilizing the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point approach, the adequacy of micronutrient intake was evaluated from observed 24-h recall dietary data. The recent guideline of FAO was employed to evaluate Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W). Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify socio-economic determinants of MDD-W and micronutrients adequacy. The mean (SD) dietary diversity score was 4.25 (1.17) and about 40.3% of the participants met the MDD-W cut-off. Starchy staples (100%), meat/poultry/fish (87%), and other vegetables (79%) were consumed more frequently, while, the least reported food groups were dairy (2%), nuts and seeds (11%), and vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (11%). Except for Niacin, intake of all micronutrients was inadequate, with an inadequacy prevalence of 36-100%. Educational level, and decision-making role of women were significantly related to their dietary diversity. On the other hand, age, decision-making role, and MDD-W were important determinants of micronutrient adequacy. In conclusion, the WRA of St. Martin's island consumed neither a sufficient amount of micronutrients nor an adequate diversity of foods. In addition, several socio-economic components are linked with dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy. Therefore, attention is needed to decide on the best strategies to improve the quality of diet and dietary diversity for WRA in this setting.
女性的最低饮食多样性是饮食质量的一个重要方面，已被广泛用作微量营养素充足性的替代指标。在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），育龄妇女（WRA）尤其因饮食多样化不足而面临微量营养素摄入不足的高风险。因此，本研究旨在评估圣马丁岛育龄妇女饮食中的饮食多样性和微量营养素充足性，以及它们的社会经济决定因素。对居住在圣马丁岛的201名育龄妇女的代表性样本进行了一项横断面研究。利用估计平均需求量（EAR）切点法，根据观察到的24小时回忆饮食数据评估微量营养素摄入的充足性。采用粮农组织的最新指南评估女性最低饮食多样性（MDD-W）。进行二元逻辑回归和多元线性回归分析，以确定MDD-W和微量营养素充足性的社会经济决定因素。平均（标准差）饮食多样性得分是4.25（1.17），约40.3%的参与者达到了MDD-W的临界值。淀粉类主食（100%）、肉类/家禽/鱼类（87%）和其他蔬菜（79%）的消费频率更高，而报告最少的食物类别是乳制品（2%）、坚果和种子（11%）以及富含维生素A的水果和蔬菜（11%）。除了烟酸，所有微量营养素的摄入量都不足，不足患病率为36%-100%。教育水平和女性的决策作用与她们的饮食多样性显著相关。另一方面，年龄、决策作用和MDD-W是微量营养素充足性的重要决定因素。总之，圣马丁岛的育龄妇女既没有摄入足够的微量营养素，也没有摄入足够多样的食物。此外，几个社会经济因素与饮食多样性和微量营养素充足性有关。因此，需要关注如何确定最佳策略，以改善这种情况下育龄妇女的饮食质量和饮食多样性。
