Pan Zhixiang, Ding Yinhuan, Zhang Shusheng, Li Luxian, Ma Fangzhou
School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China.
Insects. 2023 Mar 21;14(3):304. doi: 10.3390/insects14030304.
A rarely seen butterfly species, the large swallowtail butterfly Leech, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), endemic to the Chinese mainland, has been declared a state-protected animal in China since 2000, but its genome is not yet available. To obtain high-quality genome assembly and annotation, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of using the PacBio and PromethION platforms, respectively. The final assembled genome was 358.51 Mb, of which 97.59% was anchored to chromosomes (30 autosomes and 1 Z sex chromosome), with a contig/scaffold N50 length of 6.79/12.32 Mb and 99.0% ( = 1367) BUSCO completeness. The genome annotation pointed to 36.82% (131.99 Mb) repetitive elements and 1296 non-coding RNAs in the genome, along with 13,681 protein-coding genes that cover 98.6% (1348) of the BUSCO genes. Among the 11,499 identified gene families, 104 underwent significantly rapid expansions or contractions, and these rapidly expanding families play roles in detoxification and metabolism. Additionally, strong synteny exists between the chromosomes of and . The chromosome-level genome of could serve as an important genomic resource for furthering our understanding of butterfly evolution and for more in-depth genomic analyses.
中华虎凤蝶（Leech，1889年）（鳞翅目：凤蝶科）是一种在中国内地特有的罕见蝴蝶物种，自2000年以来在中国被列为国家保护动物，但其基因组尚未可知。为了获得高质量的基因组组装和注释，我们分别使用PacBio和PromethION平台对中华虎凤蝶的基因组和转录组进行了测序。最终组装的基因组大小为358.51 Mb，其中97.59%被锚定到染色体上（30条常染色体和1条Z性染色体），重叠群/支架N50长度为6.79/12.32 Mb，BUSCO完整性为99.0%（=1367）。基因组注释表明基因组中重复元件占36.82%（131.99 Mb），有1296个非编码RNA，还有13681个蛋白质编码基因，覆盖了98.6%（1348）的BUSCO基因。在鉴定出的11499个基因家族中，有104个经历了显著的快速扩张或收缩，这些快速扩张的家族在解毒和代谢中发挥作用。此外，中华虎凤蝶与其他物种的染色体之间存在很强的共线性。中华虎凤蝶的染色体水平基因组可以作为一种重要的基因组资源，有助于我们进一步了解蝴蝶进化并进行更深入的基因组分析。
