Sreena Radhakrishnan, Nathanael Arputharaj Joseph
Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
School of Biosciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 15;16(6):2364. doi: 10.3390/ma16062364.
Biopolymers are polymers obtained from either renewable or non-renewable sources and are the most suitable candidate for tailor-made nanoparticles owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and immunogenicity. Biopolymeric nanoparticles (BPn) can be classified as natural (polysaccharide and protein based) and synthetic on the basis of their origin. They have been gaining wide interest in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, imaging and cancer therapy. BPn can be synthesized by various fabrication strategies such as emulsification, ionic gelation, nanoprecipitation, electrospray drying and so on. The main aim of the review is to understand the use of nanoparticles obtained from biodegradable biopolymers for various biomedical applications. There are very few reviews highlighting biopolymeric nanoparticles employed for medical applications; this review is an attempt to explore the possibilities of using these materials for various biomedical applications. This review highlights protein based (albumin, gelatin, collagen, silk fibroin); polysaccharide based (chitosan, starch, alginate, dextran) and synthetic (Poly lactic acid, Poly vinyl alcohol, Poly caprolactone) BPn that has recently been used in many applications. The fabrication strategies of different BPn are also being highlighted. The future perspective and the challenges faced in employing biopolymeric nanoparticles are also reviewed.
生物聚合物是从可再生或不可再生资源中获得的聚合物，由于其生物相容性、生物可降解性、低毒性和免疫原性，是定制纳米颗粒的最合适候选材料。生物聚合物纳米颗粒（BPn）可根据其来源分为天然（基于多糖和蛋白质）和合成两类。它们在生物医学应用中引起了广泛关注，如组织工程、药物递送、成像和癌症治疗。BPn可以通过各种制备策略合成，如乳化、离子凝胶化、纳米沉淀、电喷雾干燥等。本综述的主要目的是了解从可生物降解生物聚合物中获得的纳米颗粒在各种生物医学应用中的用途。很少有综述强调用于医学应用的生物聚合物纳米颗粒；本综述旨在探索将这些材料用于各种生物医学应用的可能性。本综述重点介绍了基于蛋白质的（白蛋白、明胶、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白）；基于多糖的（壳聚糖、淀粉、藻酸盐、葡聚糖）和合成的（聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇、聚己内酯）BPn，这些最近已在许多应用中使用。不同BPn的制备策略也将重点介绍。还将综述使用生物聚合物纳米颗粒的未来前景和面临的挑战。
