Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. "Intelligent gels" sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.