Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil.
Viruses. 2023 Mar 17;15(3):779. doi: 10.3390/v15030779.
and are the vectors of important arboviruses: dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Female mosquitoes acquire arboviruses by feeding on the infected host blood, thus being able to transmit it to their offspring. The intrinsic ability of a vector to infect itself and transmit a pathogen is known as vector competence. Several factors influence the susceptibility of these females to be infected by these arboviruses, such as the activation of the innate immune system through the Toll, immunodeficiency (Imd), JAK-STAT pathways, and the interference of specific antiviral response pathways of RNAi. It is also believed that the presence of non-pathogenic microorganisms in the microbiota of these arthropods could influence this immune response, as it provides a baseline activation of the innate immune system, which may generate resistance against arboviruses. In addition, this microbiome has direct action against arboviruses, mainly due to the ability of spp. to block viral genome replication, added to the competition for resources within the mosquito organism. Despite major advances in the area, studies are still needed to evaluate the microbiota profiles of spp. and their vector competence, as well as further exploration of the individual roles of microbiome components in activating the innate immune system.
和 是重要的虫媒病毒的载体：登革热、基孔肯雅热、寨卡和黄热病。雌性蚊子通过吸食受感染宿主的血液来获得虫媒病毒，从而能够将其传播给后代。一个载体自身感染和传播病原体的内在能力被称为媒介能力。几个因素影响这些雌性蚊子感染这些虫媒病毒的易感性，例如通过 Toll、免疫缺陷 (Imd)、JAK-STAT 途径激活先天免疫系统，以及干扰 RNAi 的特定抗病毒反应途径。人们还认为，这些节肢动物的微生物组中存在非致病性微生物可能会影响这种免疫反应，因为它为先天免疫系统提供了基线激活，这可能会产生对虫媒病毒的抵抗力。此外，该微生物组对虫媒病毒有直接作用，主要是由于 spp. 能够阻止病毒基因组复制，并且与蚊子体内的资源竞争。尽管在该领域取得了重大进展，但仍需要研究来评估 spp. 的微生物组谱及其媒介能力，以及进一步探索微生物组成分在激活先天免疫系统方面的个别作用。
