Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Imsida, Malta.
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080 Imsida, Malta.
Am J Chin Med. 2023;51(4):859-882. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X23500404. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
The genus is known for its diverse use as a functional food and therapeutic agent. This fungus has over 428 species, with being the most studied. The species produce several secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, phenols, and triterpenes, which are largely responsible for their therapeutic properties. Throughout this review, several extracts obtained from species have been studied to delve into their therapeutic characteristics and mechanisms. Such properties like immunomodulation, antiaging, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities have been demonstrated by several species and are supported by a large body of evidence. Although its phytochemicals play a vital role in its therapeutic properties, identifying the therapeutic potentials of fungal-secreted metabolites for human health-promoting benefits is a challenging task. Identification of novel compounds with distinct chemical scaffolds and their mechanism of action could help suppress the spread of rising pathogens. Thus, this review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the bioactive components in different species and the underlying physiological mechanisms.
该属以其作为功能性食品和治疗剂的多样化用途而闻名。这种真菌有超过 428 个种，其中 种是研究最多的。这些物种产生多种次级代谢产物和生物活性化合物，如多糖、酚类和三萜类，这些化合物在很大程度上决定了它们的治疗特性。在这篇综述中，研究了几种从 种中获得的提取物，以深入研究它们的治疗特性和机制。几种 种表现出免疫调节、抗衰老、抗菌和抗癌等特性，并有大量证据支持。尽管其植物化学物质在其治疗特性中起着至关重要的作用，但确定真菌分泌代谢物对人类健康促进的治疗潜力是一项具有挑战性的任务。鉴定具有独特化学结构的新型化合物及其作用机制有助于抑制不断上升的病原体的传播。因此，本综述提供了不同 种的生物活性成分及其潜在生理机制的最新和全面概述。
