Tinoco Nick
Department of Sociology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Popul Environ. 2023;45(2):4. doi: 10.1007/s11111-023-00416-5. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
Scholarship on the environmental dimensions of migration demonstrates the complex interplay of climatic and non-climatic factors which combine to create a potential for migration. Yet in times of environmental crisis or change, not everyone aspires to or is capable of moving to reduce their vulnerability. When, why, and how populations vulnerable to hazard risks decide not to migrate remains a significant gap in our understanding of the migration-environment relationship. Analysis of data from 38 qualitative interviews shows how Los Angeles County residents-after surviving the 2018 Woolsey Fire-developed aspirations to stay and/or rebuild, depending on the attachments and meanings associated with their communities. This paper also seeks to clarify the concept of capabilities to stay by considering separately the capabilities to return and rebuild from the capabilities to cultivate preparedness. Many who stayed also worked to strengthen community resilience to alleviate concerns of future wildfire risk. Some residents expressed individual commitments to stay and defend homes during future fires, while well-equipped volunteer fire brigades have proliferated in more affluent areas. Community mobilizations pressured local government and fire services to address the perceived institutional failure during previous fire responses and fostered feelings of collective efficacy among residents which increased their confidence to remain in high wildfire risk communities.
关于移民环境维度的学术研究表明，气候因素和非气候因素相互作用复杂，共同造就了移民的可能性。然而，在环境危机或变化时期，并非所有人都渴望或有能力迁移以降低自身脆弱性。易受灾害风险影响的人群在何时、为何以及如何决定不迁移，这在我们对移民与环境关系的理解中仍是一个重大空白。对38次定性访谈数据的分析表明，洛杉矶县居民在经历2018年伍尔西大火后，如何根据与社区的情感纽带和意义形成了留下来和/或重建家园的愿望。本文还试图通过分别考虑回迁和重建的能力与培养备灾能力，来厘清留下来的能力这一概念。许多留下来的人还努力增强社区复原力，以减轻对未来野火风险的担忧。一些居民表示个人承诺在未来火灾期间留下来保卫家园，而装备精良的志愿消防队在较富裕地区大量涌现。社区动员向地方政府和消防部门施压，要求解决此前火灾应对中被认为的制度失灵问题，并在居民中培养了集体效能感，增强了他们留在野火高风险社区的信心。
