Biological Activities and Biochemical Composition of Endemic .

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities and the biochemical composition of . The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract (AFEt) was tested against 48 strains, and this is the first study testing the antimicrobial activity of this plant to this extent. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, and the antibiofilm activity of aqueous extract (AFAq) against five strains was assessed. The chemical composition of the plant extract was determined using GC-MS with artemisia ketone (19.41%) as the main component. The findings indicated that AFEt displayed antimicrobial activity against 38 strains, with a particular efficacy observed against various strains, such as ATCC 25923, clinically isolated, multidrug resistant (MDR), and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. In addition, the highest activity was observed against . Moreover, the extract demonstrated activity against strains. The plant extract also showed relatively good antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid, with an value of 55.52 µg/mL. However, AFAq acted as a biofilm activator against ATCC 25922, increasing the biofilm formation by 2.63-fold. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.