Ghosal Souvik, Bag Sagar, Bhowmik Sudipta
Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pondy-Cuddalore Main Road, Pillayarkuppam, Pondicherry 607402, India.
Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Apr 12;15(8):1850. doi: 10.3390/polym15081850.
Rapid breakthroughs in nucleic acid nanotechnology have always driven the creation of nano-assemblies with programmable design, potent functionality, good biocompatibility, and remarkable biosafety during the last few decades. Researchers are constantly looking for more powerful techniques that provide enhanced accuracy with greater resolution. The self-assembly of rationally designed nanostructures is now possible because of bottom-up structural nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) nanotechnology, notably DNA origami. Because DNA origami nanostructures can be organized precisely with nanoscale accuracy, they serve as a solid foundation for the exact arrangement of other functional materials for use in a number of applications in structural biology, biophysics, renewable energy, photonics, electronics, medicine, etc. DNA origami facilitates the creation of next-generation drug vectors to help in the solving of the rising demand on disease detection and therapy, as well as other biomedicine-related strategies in the real world. These DNA nanostructures, generated using Watson-Crick base pairing, exhibit a wide variety of properties, including great adaptability, precise programmability, and exceptionally low cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. This paper summarizes the synthesis of DNA origami and the drug encapsulation ability of functionalized DNA origami nanostructures. Finally, the remaining obstacles and prospects for DNA origami nanostructures in biomedical sciences are also highlighted.
在过去几十年中，核酸纳米技术的迅速突破一直推动着具有可编程设计、强大功能、良好生物相容性和卓越生物安全性的纳米组装体的创建。研究人员一直在寻找更强大的技术，以提供更高的分辨率和更高的准确性。由于自下而上的结构核酸（DNA和RNA）纳米技术，特别是DNA折纸技术，现在可以实现合理设计的纳米结构的自组装。由于DNA折纸纳米结构可以以纳米级精度精确组织，它们为在结构生物学、生物物理学、可再生能源、光子学、电子学、医学等许多应用中使用的其他功能材料的精确排列提供了坚实的基础。DNA折纸有助于创建下一代药物载体，以帮助解决对疾病检测和治疗以及现实世界中其他生物医学相关策略不断增长的需求。这些使用沃森-克里克碱基配对生成的DNA纳米结构具有多种特性，包括高度适应性、精确可编程性以及在体外和体内极低的细胞毒性。本文总结了DNA折纸的合成以及功能化DNA折纸纳米结构的药物封装能力。最后，还强调了DNA折纸纳米结构在生物医学科学中尚存的障碍和前景。
