Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Apr 21;13(4):494. doi: 10.3390/bios13040494.
Highly bio-compatible organic semiconductors are widely used as biosensors, but their long-term stability can be compromised due to photo-degradation and structural instability. To address this issue, scientists have developed organic semiconductor nanoparticles (OSNs) by incorporating organic semiconductors into a stable framework or self-assembled structure. OSNs have shown excellent performance and can be used as high-resolution biosensors in modern medical and biological research. They have been used for a wide range of applications, such as detecting small biological molecules, nucleic acids, and enzyme levels, as well as vascular imaging, tumor localization, and more. In particular, OSNs can simulate fine particulate matters (PM, indicating particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) and can be used to study the biodistribution, clearance pathways, and health effects of such particles. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved, such as toxicity, metabolic mechanism, and fluorescence intensity. In this review, based on the structure and design strategies of OSNs, we introduce various types of OSNs-based biosensors with functional groups used as biosensors and discuss their applications in both in vitro and in vivo tracking. Finally, we also discuss the design strategies and potential future trends of OSNs-based biosensors. This review provides a theoretical scaffold for the design of high-performance OSNs-based biosensors and highlights important trends and future directions for their development and application.
高度生物兼容的有机半导体被广泛用作生物传感器，但由于光降解和结构不稳定，其长期稳定性可能会受到影响。为了解决这个问题，科学家们通过将有机半导体纳入稳定的框架或自组装结构，开发了有机半导体纳米粒子（OSN）。OSN 表现出优异的性能，可作为现代医学和生物学研究中的高分辨率生物传感器。它们已经被广泛应用于各种领域，例如检测小分子、核酸和酶的水平，以及血管成像、肿瘤定位等。特别是，OSN 可以模拟细颗粒物（PM，指空气动力学直径小于或等于 2.5μm 的颗粒物），并用于研究这些颗粒的生物分布、清除途径和健康影响。然而，仍有一些问题需要解决，例如毒性、代谢机制和荧光强度。在本综述中，我们基于 OSN 的结构和设计策略，介绍了各种基于 OSN 的生物传感器，讨论了它们在体外和体内追踪中的应用。最后，我们还讨论了基于 OSN 的生物传感器的设计策略和潜在的未来趋势。本综述为高性能基于 OSN 的生物传感器的设计提供了理论基础，并强调了其发展和应用的重要趋势和未来方向。
