Plawgo Kinga, Raczynska Katarzyna Dorota
Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
Noncoding RNA. 2022 Apr 29;8(3):29. doi: 10.3390/ncrna8030029.
In recent functional genomics studies, a large number of non-coding RNAs have been identified. It has become increasingly apparent that noncoding RNAs are crucial players in a wide range of cellular and physiological functions. They have been shown to modulate gene expression on different levels, including transcription, post-transcriptional processing, and translation. This review aims to highlight the diverse mechanisms of the regulation of gene expression by small noncoding RNAs in different conditions and different types of human cells. For this purpose, various cellular functions of microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), snoRNA-derived small RNAs (sdRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) will be exemplified, with particular emphasis on the diversity of their occurrence and on the effects on gene expression in different stress conditions and diseased cell types. The synthesis and effect on gene expression of these noncoding RNAs varies in different cell types and may depend on environmental conditions such as different stresses. Moreover, noncoding RNAs play important roles in many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections.
在最近的功能基因组学研究中，已鉴定出大量非编码RNA。越来越明显的是，非编码RNA在广泛的细胞和生理功能中起着关键作用。它们已被证明能在不同水平上调节基因表达，包括转录、转录后加工和翻译。本综述旨在强调不同条件和不同类型人类细胞中，小非编码RNA对基因表达调控的多种机制。为此，将举例说明微小RNA（miRNA）、环状RNA（circRNA）、核仁小RNA衍生的小RNA（sdRNA）和转运RNA衍生片段（tRF）的各种细胞功能，特别强调它们出现的多样性以及在不同应激条件和患病细胞类型中对基因表达的影响。这些非编码RNA的合成及其对基因表达的影响在不同细胞类型中有所不同，并且可能取决于不同应激等环境条件。此外，非编码RNA在许多疾病中发挥重要作用，包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和病毒感染。
