Reiß Franziska, Kaman Anne, Napp Ann-Kathrin, Devine Janine, Li Lydia Y, Strelow Lisa, Erhart Michael, Hölling Heike, Schlack Robert, Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike
Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Alice Salomon Hochschule, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2023 Jul;66(7):727-735. doi: 10.1007/s00103-023-03720-5. Epub 2023 May 30.
Continuous nationwide health monitoring is important to track the well-being of children and adolescents and to map developmental trajectories. Based on the results of three selected epidemiological studies, developments in child well-being over the past 20 years are presented.
Data are based on (1) the mental health module of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey among Children and Adolescents (BELLA study, 2003-2017, N = 1500 to 3000), which is a module of the KiGGS study; (2) the COvid-19 and PSYchological Health Study (COPSY, 2020-2022, N = 1600-1700), which is based on the BELLA Study; and (3) the International Health-Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC, 2002-2018, N = 4300-7300). Well-being was assessed in 7‑ to 17-year-olds using indicators of health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-10), life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder), and mental health problems (Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)).
Overall, children and adolescents show consistently high health-related quality of life and high overall life satisfaction pre-pandemic (2002-2018), which initially worsened with the onset of the 2020 COVID-19-pandemic. Two years later, improvements are evident but have not yet reached baseline levels. Psychological problems, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression, increased by up to 12 percentage points at the beginning of the pandemic and are still higher two years after the onset of the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic studies.
The epidemiology of child well-being provides a necessary data basis to assess the support needs of children and adolescents and to use this as a basis for developing measures of health promotion, prevention, and intervention.
持续的全国性健康监测对于追踪儿童和青少年的健康状况以及描绘发育轨迹至关重要。基于三项选定的流行病学研究结果，呈现了过去20年儿童健康状况的发展情况。
数据基于以下三项研究：（1）德国儿童和青少年全国健康访谈与检查调查的心理健康模块（BELLA研究，2003 - 2017年，N = 1500至3000），这是KiGGS研究的一个模块；（2）新冠疫情与心理健康研究（COPSY，2020 - 2022年，N = 1600 - 1700），该研究基于BELLA研究；（3）国际学龄儿童健康行为研究（HBSC，2002 - 2018年，N = 4300 - 7300）。使用与健康相关的生活质量指标（儿童生活质量量表 - 10）、生活满意度（坎特里尔阶梯量表）以及心理健康问题指标（长处与困难问卷（SDQ）、儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED）和儿童流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - DC））对7至17岁儿童的健康状况进行评估。
总体而言，在疫情前（2002 - 2018年），儿童和青少年的健康相关生活质量一直较高，总体生活满意度也较高，而这一情况在2020年新冠疫情爆发初期有所恶化。两年后，情况有所改善，但尚未达到基线水平。心理问题以及焦虑和抑郁症状在疫情开始时增加了多达12个百分点，与疫情前的研究相比，疫情爆发两年后这些症状仍然更高。
儿童健康状况的流行病学为评估儿童和青少年的支持需求提供了必要的数据基础，并以此为依据制定健康促进、预防和干预措施。
