Singh Vivek Kumar, Kumar Awanish
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur (CG), Raipur, 492010 Chhattisgarh India.
Symbiosis. 2023 Jun 8:1-15. doi: 10.1007/s13199-023-00925-9.
The synthesis of secondary metabolites is a constantly functioning metabolic pathway in all living systems. Secondary metabolites can be broken down into numerous classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, saponins, terpenes, quinones, xanthones, and others. However, animals lack the routes of synthesis of these compounds, while plants, fungi, and bacteria all synthesize them. The primary function of bioactive metabolites (BM) synthesized from endophytic fungi (EF) is to make the host plants resistant to pathogens. EF is a group of fungal communities that colonize host tissues' intracellular or intercellular spaces. EF serves as a storehouse of the above-mentioned bioactive metabolites, providing beneficial effects to their hosts. BM of EF could be promising candidates for anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-tuberculosis, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, etc. because EF is regarded as an unexploited and untapped source of novel BM for effective drug candidates. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to search for new bioactive compounds that combat resistance. This article summarizes the production of BM from EF, high throughput methods for analysis, and their pharmaceutical application. The emphasis is on the diversity of metabolic products from EF, yield, method of purification/characterization, and various functions/activities of EF. Discussed information led to the development of new drugs and food additives that were more effective in the treatment of disease. This review shed light on the pharmacological potential of the fungal bioactive metabolites and emphasizes to exploit them in the future for therapeutic purposes.
次生代谢产物的合成是所有生命系统中持续发挥作用的代谢途径。次生代谢产物可分为众多类别，包括生物碱、香豆素、黄酮类化合物、木脂素、皂苷、萜类、醌类、呫吨酮等。然而，动物缺乏合成这些化合物的途径，而植物、真菌和细菌都能合成它们。由内生真菌（EF）合成的生物活性代谢产物（BM）的主要功能是使宿主植物对病原体具有抗性。EF是一类定殖于宿主组织细胞内或细胞间隙的真菌群落。EF是上述生物活性代谢产物的储存库，对其宿主具有有益作用。EF的BM有望成为抗癌、抗疟疾、抗结核、抗病毒、抗炎等药物的候选物，因为EF被视为新型BM的未开发和未利用来源，可作为有效的药物候选物。由于耐药性的出现，迫切需要寻找对抗耐药性的新生物活性化合物。本文总结了EF产生的BM、高通量分析方法及其药物应用。重点在于EF代谢产物的多样性、产量、纯化/表征方法以及EF的各种功能/活性。所讨论的信息促成了在疾病治疗中更有效的新药和食品添加剂的开发。这篇综述揭示了真菌生物活性代谢产物的药理潜力，并强调未来要对其进行开发用于治疗目的。
