Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China.
Mol Med. 2023 Jul 6;29(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s10020-023-00684-9.
The metabolism of glucose and lipids is essential for energy production in the body, and dysregulation of the metabolic pathways of these molecules is implicated in various acute and chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis (AS), obesity, tumor, and sepsis. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, which involve the addition or removal of covalent functional groups, play a crucial role in regulating protein structure, localization function, and activity. Common PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and glycosylation. Emerging evidence indicates that PTMs are significant in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism by modifying key enzymes or proteins. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role and regulatory mechanisms of PTMs in glucose and lipid metabolism, with a focus on their involvement in disease progression associated with aberrant metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the future prospects of PTMs, highlighting their potential for gaining deeper insights into glucose and lipid metabolism and related diseases.
葡萄糖和脂质的代谢对于体内能量产生至关重要，这些分子代谢途径的失调与各种急性和慢性疾病有关，如 2 型糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病、动脉粥样硬化（AS）、肥胖症、肿瘤和脓毒症。蛋白质的翻译后修饰（PTMs）涉及共价功能基团的添加或去除，在调节蛋白质结构、定位功能和活性方面发挥着关键作用。常见的 PTM 包括磷酸化、乙酰化、泛素化、甲基化和糖基化。新出现的证据表明，PTMs 通过修饰关键酶或蛋白质在调节葡萄糖和脂质代谢中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 PTMs 在葡萄糖和脂质代谢中的作用和调节机制的最新认识，重点讨论了它们在与代谢异常相关的疾病进展中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了 PTMs 的未来前景，强调了它们在深入了解葡萄糖和脂质代谢及相关疾病方面的潜力。
