Patrawalla Nashaita Y, Kajave Nilabh S, Albanna Mohammad Z, Kishore Vipuil
Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
Humabiologics® Inc., Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jul 11;14(7):363. doi: 10.3390/jfb14070363.
Collagen, along with proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, and various growth factors, forms the extracellular matrix (ECM) and contributes to the complexity and diversity of different tissues. Herein, we compared the physicochemical and biological properties of ECM hydrogels derived from four different human tissues: skin, bone, fat, and birth. Pure human collagen type I hydrogels were used as control. Physical characterization of ECM hydrogels and assessment of cell response of cord-tissue mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs) were performed. Decellularization efficiency was found to be >90% for all ECM. Hydroxyproline quantification assay showed that collagen content in birth ECM was comparable to collagen control and significantly greater than other sources of ECM. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed the presence of γ, β, α and α collagen chains in all ECMs. Gelation kinetics of ECM hydrogels was significantly slower than collagen control. Compressive modulus of skin ECM was the highest and birth ECM was the lowest. Skin and birth ECM hydrogels were more stable than bone and fat ECM hydrogels. CMSCs encapsulated in birth ECM hydrogels exhibited the highest metabolic activity. Rheological characterization revealed that all ECM-derived inks exhibited shear thinning properties, and skin-derived ECM inks were most suitable for extrusion-based bioprinting for the concentration and printing conditions used in this study. Overall, results demonstrate that the physicochemical and biological properties of ECM hydrogels vary significantly depending on the tissue source. Therefore, careful selection of tissue source is important for development of ECM-based biomimetic tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications.
胶原蛋白与蛋白聚糖、糖胺聚糖、糖蛋白以及各种生长因子一起构成细胞外基质（ECM），并促成不同组织的复杂性和多样性。在此，我们比较了源自四种不同人体组织（皮肤、骨骼、脂肪和脐带）的ECM水凝胶的物理化学和生物学特性。使用纯I型人胶原蛋白水凝胶作为对照。对ECM水凝胶进行了物理表征，并评估了脐带组织间充质干细胞（CMSCs）的细胞反应。发现所有ECM的脱细胞效率均>90%。羟脯氨酸定量分析表明，脐带ECM中的胶原蛋白含量与胶原蛋白对照相当，且显著高于其他ECM来源。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）分析表明，所有ECM中均存在γ、β、α和α胶原蛋白链。ECM水凝胶的凝胶化动力学明显慢于胶原蛋白对照。皮肤ECM的压缩模量最高，脐带ECM的最低。皮肤和脐带ECM水凝胶比骨骼和脂肪ECM水凝胶更稳定。封装在脐带ECM水凝胶中的CMSCs表现出最高的代谢活性。流变学表征显示，所有源自ECM的墨水均表现出剪切变稀特性，并且对于本研究中使用的浓度和打印条件，源自皮肤的ECM墨水最适合基于挤出的生物打印。总体而言，结果表明，ECM水凝胶的物理化学和生物学特性因组织来源而异。因此，仔细选择组织来源对于开发用于再生医学应用的基于ECM的仿生组织构建体很重要。
