Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 21;59(7):1338. doi: 10.3390/medicina59071338.
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the leading cause of death among females worldwide. Various risk factors contribute to BC development, such as age, genetics, reproductive factors, obesity, alcohol intake, and lifestyle. Obesity is considered to be a pandemic health problem globally, affecting millions of people worldwide. Obesity has been associated with a high risk of BC development. Determining the impact of obesity on BC development risk in women by demonstrating the molecular and genetic association in pre- and post-menopause females and risk to BC initiation is crucial in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of BC disease. In epidemiological studies, BC in premenopausal women was shown to be protective in a certain pattern. These altered effects between the two phases could be due to various physiological changes, such as estrogen/progesterone fluctuating levels. In addition, the relationship between BC risk and obesity is indicated by different molecular alterations as metabolic pathways and genetic mutation or epigenetic DNA changes supporting a strong connection between obesity and BC risk. However, these molecular and genetic alteration remain incompletely understood. The aim of this review is to highlight and elucidate the different molecular mechanisms and genetic changes occurring in obese women and their association with BC risk and development.
乳腺癌（BC）被认为是全球女性死亡的主要原因。多种风险因素促成了 BC 的发展，如年龄、遗传、生殖因素、肥胖、饮酒和生活方式。肥胖被认为是全球范围内的一种流行健康问题，影响着全球数以百万计的人。肥胖与 BC 发展风险高度相关。通过证明绝经前和绝经后女性的分子和遗传关联以及对 BC 发病的风险，确定肥胖对 BC 发展风险的影响对于改善 BC 疾病的诊断和预后至关重要。在流行病学研究中，绝经前女性的 BC 呈现出一定的保护模式。这两个阶段之间的这种改变的影响可能是由于各种生理变化，如雌激素/孕激素波动水平。此外，BC 风险与肥胖之间的关系通过不同的分子改变来指示，如代谢途径和基因突变或表观遗传 DNA 改变，支持肥胖与 BC 风险之间的紧密联系。然而，这些分子和遗传改变仍然不完全清楚。本综述的目的是强调和阐明肥胖女性中发生的不同分子机制和遗传变化及其与 BC 风险和发展的关联。
