Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2023 Sep 18;6(9):3577-3599. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00253. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Nanozymes are nanoparticles with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking properties that have become more prevalent because of their ability to outperform conventional enzymes by overcoming their drawbacks related to stability, cost, and storage. Nanozymes have the potential to manipulate active sites of natural enzymes, which is why they are considered promising candidates to function as enzyme mimetics. Several microscopy- and spectroscopy-based techniques have been used for the characterization of nanozymes. To date, a wide range of nanozymes, including catalase, oxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, have been designed to effectively mimic natural enzymes. The activity of nanozymes can be controlled by regulating the structural and morphological aspects of the nanozymes. Nanozymes have multifaceted benefits, which is why they are exploited on a large scale for their application in the biomedical sector. The versatility of nanozymes aids in monitoring and treating cancer, other neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Due to the compelling advantages of nanozymes, significant research advancements have been made in this area. Although a wide range of nanozymes act as potent mimetics of natural enzymes, their activity and specificities are suboptimal, and there is still room for their diversification for analytical purposes. Designing diverse nanozyme systems that are sensitive to one or more substrates through specialized techniques has been the subject of an in-depth study. Hence, we believe that stimuli-responsive nanozymes may open avenues for diagnosis and treatment by fusing the catalytic activity and intrinsic nanomaterial properties of nanozyme systems.
纳米酶是具有内在酶模拟特性的纳米颗粒，由于其能够克服与稳定性、成本和储存有关的传统酶的缺点，因此越来越受欢迎。纳米酶具有操纵天然酶活性部位的潜力，这就是为什么它们被认为是有前途的酶模拟候选物。已经使用了几种基于显微镜和光谱的技术来对纳米酶进行表征。迄今为止，已经设计了多种纳米酶，包括过氧化氢酶、氧化酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶，以有效地模拟天然酶。可以通过调节纳米酶的结构和形态方面来控制纳米酶的活性。纳米酶具有多方面的好处，这就是为什么它们在生物医学领域得到广泛应用。纳米酶的多功能性有助于监测和治疗癌症、其他神经退行性疾病和代谢紊乱。由于纳米酶具有引人注目的优势，因此在该领域取得了重大的研究进展。尽管广泛的纳米酶可以作为天然酶的有力模拟物，但它们的活性和特异性并不理想，并且仍有空间对其进行多样化以用于分析目的。通过专门的技术设计对一种或多种底物敏感的多样化纳米酶系统一直是深入研究的主题。因此，我们相信，通过融合纳米酶系统的催化活性和固有纳米材料特性，响应性纳米酶可能为诊断和治疗开辟新途径。
