Veerapandian Mekala, Ramasundaram Subramaniyan, Jerome Peter, Chellasamy Gayathri, Govindaraju Saravanan, Yun Kyusik, Oh Tae Hwan
Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Soengnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Aug 15;14(8):426. doi: 10.3390/jfb14080426.
Nanomaterials (NMs) synthesized from natural sources have been attracting greater attention, due to their intrinsic advantages including biocompatibility, stimuli-responsive property, nontoxicity, cost-effectiveness, and non-immunogenic characteristics in the biological environment. Among various biomedical applications, a breakthrough has been achieved in the development of drug delivery systems (DDS). Biocompatibility is necessary for treating a disease safely without any adverse effects. Some components in DDS respond to the physiological environment, such as pH, temperature, and functional group at the target, which facilitates targeted drug release. NM-based DDS is being applied for treating cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and dermal and ophthalmic diseases. Metal nanomaterials and carbon quantum dots are synthesized and stabilized using functional molecules extracted from natural sources. Polymers, mucilage and gums, exosomes, and molecules with biological activities are directly derived from natural sources. In DDS, these functional components have been used as drug carriers, imaging agents, targeting moieties, and super disintegrants. Plant extracts, biowaste, biomass, and microorganisms have been used as the natural source for obtaining these NMs. This review highlights the natural sources, synthesis, and application of metallic materials, polymeric materials, carbon dots, mucilage and gums, and exosomes in DDS. Aside from that, challenges and future perspectives on using natural resources for DDS are also discussed.
由天然来源合成的纳米材料因其在生物环境中具有生物相容性、刺激响应性、无毒、成本效益高和无免疫原性等固有优势而受到越来越多的关注。在各种生物医学应用中，药物递送系统（DDS）的开发取得了突破。生物相容性对于安全治疗疾病而无任何不良影响是必要的。DDS中的一些成分会对生理环境做出反应，例如靶点处的pH值、温度和官能团，这有助于实现靶向药物释放。基于纳米材料的DDS正被应用于治疗癌症、关节炎、心血管疾病以及皮肤和眼科疾病。金属纳米材料和碳量子点是使用从天然来源提取的功能分子合成并稳定的。聚合物、黏液和树胶、外泌体以及具有生物活性的分子直接来源于天然来源。在DDS中，这些功能成分已被用作药物载体、成像剂、靶向部分和超级崩解剂。植物提取物、生物废料、生物质和微生物已被用作获得这些纳米材料的天然来源。本综述重点介绍了金属材料、聚合物材料、碳点、黏液和树胶以及外泌体在DDS中的天然来源、合成及应用。除此之外，还讨论了利用自然资源用于DDS的挑战和未来展望。
