Ndlovu Thando, Kgosietsile Lebang, Motshwarakgole Pako, Ndlovu Sizwe I
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana.
Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023 Jul 26;8(8):381. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080381.
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. The ability of microorganisms to adapt and grow at an exponential rate facilitates the distribution of environmental strains with acquired resistant mutations into water systems, vegetation, and soil which are major intersection points with animals and humans. The bacterial pathogen, , is one of the critical-priority pathogens listed by the World Health Organization, mostly associated with hospital-acquired infections. However, the increasing prevalence of pathogenic environmental strains with similar characteristics to clinical-antibiotic-resistant isolates is concerning. Considering the eminent impact of global climatic variations in the spread and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, in this review, we closely assess factors influencing the dissemination of this pathogen resulting in increased interaction with the environment, human beings, and animals. We also look at the recent developments in rapid detection techniques as part of the response measures to improve surveillance and preparedness for potential outbreaks. Furthermore, we discuss alternative treatment strategies that include secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants and plant extracts with high antimicrobial properties.
多重耐药性的报告日益增多，已成为一个公共卫生问题，引发了关于致病体向环境库进化和传播的潜在途径的疑问。环境中抗微生物耐药性增加的潜在驱动因素包括人类活动直接或间接导致的显著全球气候变化。微生物以指数速率适应和生长的能力，促使带有获得性耐药突变的环境菌株分布到水系统、植被和土壤中，而这些是与动物和人类的主要交汇点。细菌病原体[具体名称未给出]是世界卫生组织列出的关键优先病原体之一，主要与医院获得性感染有关。然而，具有与临床抗生素耐药[具体名称未给出]分离株相似特征的致病性环境菌株的日益流行令人担忧。考虑到全球气候变化对多重耐药细菌传播和扩散的显著影响，在本综述中，我们仔细评估影响该病原体传播的因素，这些因素导致其与环境、人类和动物的相互作用增加。我们还探讨了快速检测技术的最新进展，作为改善对潜在疫情的监测和防范的应对措施的一部分。此外，我们讨论了替代治疗策略，包括具有高抗菌特性的生物表面活性剂和植物提取物等次生代谢物。
