Meghrajani Vanee R, Marathe Manvi, Sharma Ritika, Potdukhe Ashwini, Wanjari Mayur B, Taksande Avinash B
Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 27;15(7):e42559. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42559. eCollection 2023 Jul.
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of mental health in India, highlighting the challenges faced, the existing initiatives, and the future directions for improving mental healthcare delivery. India is grappling with a high prevalence of mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. The burden of mental health issues on individuals, families, and society is immense, leading to reduced quality of life, impaired functioning, and significant economic and social consequences. Various social and cultural factors, such as stigma, discrimination, gender inequalities, poverty, rapid urbanization, and cultural beliefs surrounding mental illness, further exacerbate the challenges of addressing mental health problems. Access to mental healthcare remains a significant concern, with considerable gaps in access to and quality of treatment and limited availability of mental health professionals, especially in rural areas. Inadequate infrastructure, a lack of awareness, and insufficient integration into primary healthcare systems hinder access to appropriate care. The historical development of mental asylums in India is examined, highlighting their establishment, purpose, and evolution over time. Critiques and challenges associated with mental asylums are discussed, including stigmatization, human rights concerns, the absence of human center approaches, quality of care, and the need for alternative approaches to mental healthcare.
这篇综述文章全面概述了印度心理健康的现状，强调了所面临的挑战、现有的举措以及改善心理健康服务提供的未来方向。印度正应对着心理健康障碍的高患病率，包括抑郁症、焦虑症、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症和物质使用障碍。心理健康问题对个人、家庭和社会造成的负担极为巨大，导致生活质量下降、功能受损以及重大的经济和社会后果。各种社会和文化因素，如耻辱感、歧视、性别不平等、贫困、快速城市化以及围绕精神疾病的文化观念，进一步加剧了应对心理健康问题的挑战。获得心理健康护理仍然是一个重大问题，在治疗的可及性和质量方面存在相当大的差距，心理健康专业人员的可获得性有限，尤其是在农村地区。基础设施不足、缺乏认识以及在初级医疗保健系统中的整合不足阻碍了获得适当护理的机会。文章审视了印度精神病院的历史发展，突出了其建立、目的以及随时间的演变。讨论了与精神病院相关的批评和挑战，包括污名化、人权问题、缺乏以人为本的方法、护理质量以及对心理健康护理替代方法的需求。
