Beato Maria Soledad, Suarez Mar, Cadavid Sara, Albuquerque Pedro B
Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Front Psychol. 2023 Aug 10;14:1237471. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237471. eCollection 2023.
False memories have been extensively investigated over the past few decades using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. In this paradigm, participants study lists of words associatively related to a non-presented critical lure. During a memory test, these critical lures are falsely recalled or recognized. Most studies have focused on false memories that arise when both encoding and retrieval are conducted in the same language (i.e., within-language conditions), which is typically the participant's native or first language (L1). However, much less is known about false memories when critical lures appear in the memory test in a different language than the studied lists (i.e., between-language conditions), being one of them the participant's second language (L2). The main objective of this exhaustive review was to provide an overview of the current state of research on false recognition using the DRM paradigm in between-language conditions, where languages are switched between encoding and retrieval (i.e., L1L2 versus L2L1). The results revealed a language dominance effect in between-language false memories. In other words, false recognition rates were dependent on the study language, with a trend toward higher false recognition when words were enconded in the L1 (L1L2) compared to when words were encoded in the L2 (L2L1). This review enhances our understanding of how studying words in a first or second language affects false memory in the DRM paradigm, emphasizing the significance of investigating false memory in second language speakers and the necessity for further research in the field.
在过去几十年中，人们使用迪ese/罗迪格 - 麦克德莫特（DRM）范式对错误记忆进行了广泛研究。在这种范式中，参与者学习与未呈现的关键诱饵具有联想关系的单词列表。在记忆测试中，这些关键诱饵会被错误地回忆或识别出来。大多数研究都集中在编码和检索都用同一种语言进行时（即语言内条件）产生的错误记忆上，这种语言通常是参与者的母语或第一语言（L1）。然而，对于关键诱饵在记忆测试中以与学习列表不同的语言出现时（即语言间条件）的错误记忆，我们了解得要少得多，其中一种语言是参与者的第二语言（L2）。这一详尽综述的主要目的是概述在语言间条件下使用DRM范式进行错误识别研究的当前状态，即在编码和检索之间切换语言（即L1L2与L2L1）。结果揭示了语言间错误记忆中的语言优势效应。换句话说，错误识别率取决于学习语言，与单词用L2编码（L2L1）时相比，单词用L1编码（L1L2）时错误识别率有更高的趋势。这一综述增进了我们对用第一语言或第二语言学习单词如何影响DRM范式中的错误记忆的理解，强调了研究第二语言使用者错误记忆的重要性以及该领域进一步研究的必要性。
