Automatic and efficient pneumothorax segmentation from CT images using EFA-Net with feature alignment function.

Pneumothorax is a condition involving a collapsed lung, which requires accurate segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images for effective clinical decision-making. Numerous convolutional neural network-based methods for medical image segmentation have been proposed, but they often struggle to balance model complexity with performance. To address this, we introduce the Efficient Feature Alignment Network (EFA-Net), a novel medical image segmentation network designed specifically for pneumothorax CT segmentation. EFA-Net uses EfficientNet as an encoder to extract features and a Feature Alignment (FA) module as a decoder to align features in both the spatial and channel dimensions. This design allows EFA-Net to achieve superior segmentation performance with reduced model complexity. In our dataset, our method outperforms various state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency, achieving a Dice coefficient of 90.03%, an Intersection over Union (IOU) of 81.80%, and a sensitivity of 88.94%. Notably, EFA-Net has significantly lower FLOPs (1.549G) and parameters (0.432M), offering better robustness and facilitating easier deployment. Future work will explore the integration of downstream applications to enhance EFA-Net's utility for clinicians and patients in real-world diagnostic scenarios. The source code of EFA-Net is available at: https://github.com/tianjiamutangchun/EFA-Net .