Luo Mengyun, Bauman Adrian, Phongsavan Philayrath, Ding Ding
Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Sep 9;36:102408. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102408. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Smoking and drinking are important public problems and a substantial part of work culture in mainland China. However, little is known about the effect of retirement on these behaviors. Thus, this study examined the relationships between retirement transition, smoking and excessive drinking among older Chinese adults.
Repeated longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults were collected in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire regarding work status and health behaviors. Modified mixed-effects Poisson regression models were used to explore the associations, with additional analyses stratified by gender.
Of the 10,378 participants included, 62.6% and 20.1% of men reported current smoking and excessive drinking at study entry; compared to 4.4% and 1.5% of women, respectively. There was no significant association between retirement and smoking. We found a dose-response relationship between time in retirement and excessive drinking in the adjusted model where those who retired >= 2 years ago had a 30% lower risk of excessive drinking (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.86), and those who retired < 2 years ago had a 16% lower risk of excessive drinking (RR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.73-0.97), compared with those who remained working. This pattern remained when analyzed separately for men and women, although not all results reached statistical significance.
Chinese older adults are more likely to reduce drinking following retirement. Such evidence supports the positive framing of retirement in public discourse and the need for workplace interventions to address excessive drinking in China.
吸烟和饮酒是重要的公共问题，也是中国大陆工作文化的重要组成部分。然而，对于退休对这些行为的影响知之甚少。因此，本研究探讨了中国老年人退休过渡、吸烟和过度饮酒之间的关系。
于2011年、2013年、2015年和2018年收集了来自具有全国代表性的中国成年人样本的重复纵向数据。受访者完成了一份关于工作状态和健康行为的结构化问卷。使用修正的混合效应泊松回归模型来探究关联，并按性别进行分层的额外分析。
在纳入的10378名参与者中，62.6%的男性和20.1%的男性在研究开始时报告有当前吸烟和过度饮酒行为；相比之下，女性分别为4.4%和1.5%。退休与吸烟之间没有显著关联。在调整模型中，我们发现退休时间与过度饮酒之间存在剂量反应关系，即那些退休时间≥2年前的人过度饮酒风险降低30%（风险比（RR）=0.70，95%置信区间（CI）=0.56-0.86），而那些退休时间<2年前的人过度饮酒风险降低16%（RR=0.84，95%CI=0.73-0.97），与仍在工作的人相比。尽管并非所有结果都达到统计学显著水平，但在按男女分别分析时这种模式依然存在。
中国老年人在退休后更有可能减少饮酒。这些证据支持在公共话语中对退休进行积极的描述，以及在中国需要开展工作场所干预以解决过度饮酒问题。
