Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 27;13(1):16255. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42897-2.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is continuously causing significant economic losses with massive poultry depopulations. Airborne transmission of HPAI was suspected, as initial bird mortalities were reported near air inlets of poultry houses. In addition, infected farms were distant, indicating that the viruses carried by dust particles might help the viruses travel for long distances in the environment. The objective of this study focused on simulating the airborne transmission of HPAI by using computational modeling to assess the risk of airborne and deposited avian influenza (AI) carried by poultry-litter dust particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling was used in this study. Data from 168 infected cases in the Mid-Western area of U.S. were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Watt Poultry. The concentration simulation modeling was performed to estimate the airborne and deposited AI concentration carried by PM dust particles. Results showed that concentrations of airborne AI, deposited AI, and combined AI transmitted to other farms in a day were lower than the minimal infective dose for poultry. In most of the scenarios, the predicted probability of infection showed that Iowa-infected farms and turkey poultry houses had the highest infection probability. The findings may provide an understanding of the risk of airborne HPAI virus carried by dust particles and suggest the factors that influence long-distance airborne transmission.
高致病性禽流感（HPAI）持续造成巨大的家禽存栏量减少，导致重大经济损失。疑似发生空气传播，因为最初的鸟类死亡报告发生在禽舍进气口附近。此外，受感染的农场相距较远，表明携带病毒的尘埃颗粒可能有助于病毒在环境中长距离传播。本研究的目的集中于使用计算建模模拟 HPAI 的空气传播，以评估由家禽垫料尘埃颗粒携带的空气传播和沉积禽流感（AI）的风险。本研究使用混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹（HYSPLIT）建模。美国中西部地区的 168 例感染病例的数据来自动植物卫生检验局（APHIS）和 Watt Poultry。进行浓度模拟建模以估计 PM 尘埃颗粒携带的空气传播和沉积 AI 浓度。结果表明，一天内传播到其他农场的空气传播 AI、沉积 AI 和综合 AI 浓度低于家禽的最小感染剂量。在大多数情况下，预测的感染概率表明，爱荷华州感染的农场和火鸡禽舍具有最高的感染概率。这些发现可能有助于了解空气中携带病毒的尘埃颗粒的风险，并提示影响远距离空气传播的因素。
