Comprehensive Analysis of the Chemical and Bioactivity Profiles of Endemic Dönmez in Comparison with Other Species.

is a plant endemic to Türkiye. For the first time, this study aimed to comparatively assess its flower-bearing branches, leaves, and fruits with other well-known species (, , and ) in terms of chemical composition and bioactivity studies to evaluate its potential use as a food supplement. Firstly, the contents of total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), proanthocyanidin (TPAC), and anthocyanin (TAC) in different plant parts of species were evaluated. The highest TPAC was found in the hydroalcoholic extract of flower-bearing branches. Moreover, all plant parts had comparatively higher amounts of TPC, TFC, and TAC compared to other species. The chemical screening by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) resulted that parts were rich with chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, quercetin and vitexin derivatives, epicatechin, procyanidin, etc., and their quantities were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In terms of several antioxidant activity outcomes, the flower-bearing branches of showed the highest antioxidant activity by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test among the assessed antioxidant assays. Additionally, hydroalcoholic extracts of significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 production more potently than indomethacin (positive control). In addition to its remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, showed analgesic activity by reducing prostaglandin E levels.