Flow cytometric determinations of cellular substances in algae, bacteria, moulds and yeasts.

The practical use of flow cytometry is shown in several microbial assays. Recent technical improvements in the optics and electronics of flow cytometric systems as well as in staining techniques permit the measurements of minute cellular components such as the cellular DNA and the protein content of bacteria, algae, moulds and yeasts. Single cell ingredients can be measured by this assay according to their specific stainability. The cell DNA was stained by propidium iodide while the cell protein was fluorochromed by fluorescein-iso-thiocyanate. The DNA synthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus runs discontinuously while the protein content increases continuously during the vegetative growth. The different stages of DNA synthesis of yeast cells can be divided into two 'gap' phases, a synthesis and a mitosis period, corresponding to Howard and Pelc's model of DNA synthesis. Living and dead cells can be counted differentially after staining with Erythrosine B. The red fluorescence of the chlorophyll in algae can readily be used to determine the chlorophyll content of these cells.