Feigin Svetlana V, Wiebers David O, Lueddeke George, Morand Serge, Lee Kelley, Knight Andrew, Brainin Michael, Feigin Valery L, Whitfort Amanda, Marcum James, Shackelford Todd K, Skerratt Lee F, Winkler Andrea S
All Life Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
Heliyon. 2023 Oct 10;9(10):e20544. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20544. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Humanity is now facing what may be the biggest challenge to its existence: irreversible climate change brought about by human activity. Our planet is in a state of emergency, and we only have a short window of time (7-8 years) to enact meaningful change. The goal of this systematic literature review is to summarize the peer-reviewed literature on proposed solutions to climate change in the last 20 years (2002-2022), and to propose a framework for a unified approach to solving this climate change crisis. Solutions reviewed include a transition toward use of renewable energy resources, reduced energy consumption, rethinking the global transport sector, and nature-based solutions. This review highlights one of the most important but overlooked pieces in the puzzle of solving the climate change problem - the gradual shift to a plant-based diet and global phaseout of factory (industrialized animal) farming, the most damaging and prolific form of animal agriculture. The gradual global phaseout of industrialized animal farming can be achieved by increasingly replacing animal meat and other animal products with plant-based products, ending government subsidies for animal-based meat, dairy, and eggs, and initiating taxes on such products. Failure to act will ultimately result in a scenario of irreversible climate change with widespread famine and disease, global devastation, climate refugees, and warfare. We therefore suggest an "All Life" approach, invoking the interconnectedness of all life forms on our planet. The logistics for achieving this include a global standardization of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) or similar measures and the introduction of a regulatory body for verification of such measures. These approaches will help deliver environmental and sustainability benefits for our planet far beyond an immediate reduction in global warming.
人类活动导致的不可逆转的气候变化。我们的星球处于紧急状态，而我们只有很短的时间窗口（7 - 8年）来做出有意义的改变。本系统文献综述的目的是总结过去20年（2002 - 2022年）关于气候变化拟议解决方案的同行评议文献，并提出一个统一方法的框架来解决这一气候变化危机。所审查的解决方案包括向使用可再生能源资源转型、减少能源消耗、重新思考全球运输部门以及基于自然的解决方案。本综述强调了解决气候变化问题拼图中最重要但被忽视的一块——逐步转向以植物为基础的饮食，并在全球范围内淘汰工厂化（工业化养殖动物）养殖，这是动物农业中最具破坏性且产量最高的形式。逐步在全球范围内淘汰工业化养殖动物可以通过以下方式实现：越来越多地用植物基产品替代动物肉和其他动物产品，停止政府对动物基肉类、奶制品和蛋类的补贴，并对这些产品征税。不采取行动最终将导致不可逆转的气候变化，伴随广泛的饥荒和疾病、全球破坏、气候难民和战争的局面。因此，我们建议采用一种“全生命”方法，援引我们星球上所有生命形式的相互联系。实现这一目标的后勤工作包括对环境、社会和治理（ESG）或类似措施进行全球标准化，并引入一个监管机构来核查这些措施。这些方法将有助于为我们的星球带来环境和可持续发展效益，远远超出立即减少全球变暖的范畴。
