Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Park Road, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Sci Rep. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):22638. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50005-7.
The use of green methods for ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuONPs) synthesis is gaining attention due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and availability. However, reports on the green synthesis and characterization of RuONPs are limited compared to other metal nanoparticles. The green synthesis and characterization of RuONPs using water extracts of Gunnera perpensa leaves as a reducing agent is reported in this study. The RuONPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-VIS). MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the RuONPs against MCF7 and Vero cell lines. X-ray diffraction analysis results revealed the presence of crystalline and amorphous forms of RuONPs, while IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups associated with G. perpensa leaves. SEM showed that the RuONPs consisted predominantly of hexagonal and cuboid-like structures with a considerable degree of agglomeration being observed. The cell culture results indicated a low anticancer efficacy of RuONPs against MCF7 and Vero cell lines, suggesting that RuONPs may not be a good lead for anti-cancer drugs. This study highlights the potential of using green synthesis methods to produce RuONPs and their characterization, as well as their cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
使用绿色方法合成氧化钌纳米粒子（RuONPs）因其环保、经济高效和易得性而受到关注。然而，与其他金属纳米粒子相比，关于 RuONPs 的绿色合成和表征的报道有限。本研究报道了使用 Gunnera perpensa 叶水提物作为还原剂绿色合成和表征 RuONPs。使用 X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外分光光度法（UV-VIS）对 RuONPs 进行了表征。MTT 测定法用于评估 RuONPs 对 MCF7 和 Vero 细胞系的细胞毒性。X 射线衍射分析结果表明存在结晶和非晶形式的 RuONPs，而红外光谱显示存在与 G. perpensa 叶相关的官能团。SEM 显示 RuONPs 主要由六方和长方体状结构组成，观察到相当程度的团聚。细胞培养结果表明 RuONPs 对 MCF7 和 Vero 细胞系的抗癌活性较低，表明 RuONPs 可能不是抗癌药物的良好先导化合物。本研究强调了使用绿色合成方法生产 RuONPs 及其表征以及它们对癌细胞的细胞毒性的潜力。
