Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye.
Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, 06670 Ankara, Türkiye.
Curr Drug Targets. 2024;25(5):330-352. doi: 10.2174/0113894501255093240117092328.
L. (RO, rosemary) is a well-known medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herb with traditional use in European folk medicine against memory deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights the different neuroprotective activities of RO investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies, as well as molecular docking of bioactive compounds found in RO. The neuroprotective effect of RO was searched through databases including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Clinical Trials using the keywords ", rosemary, neuroprotective effect, memory, cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease." RO, which is rich in secondary metabolites that have memory-enhancing potential, has displayed neuroprotection through different molecular mechanisms such as inhibition of cholinesterase, modulation of dopaminergic and oxytocinergic systems, mediation of oxidative and inflammatory proteins, involved in neuropathic pain, among others. RO extracts exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Also, the plant has shown efficacy in scopolamine-, lipopolysaccharide-, AlCl-, and HO-induced amnesia as well as amyloid-beta- and ibotenic acid-induced neurotoxicity and chronic constriction injury-related oxidative stress memory and cognitive impairments in animal models. A few clinical studies available supported the neuroprotective effects of RO and its constituents. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm results from preclinical studies further and should include not only placebo-controlled studies but also studies including positive controls using approved drugs. Many studies underlined that constituents of RO may have the potential for developing drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease that possess high bioavailability, low toxicity, and enhanced penetration to CNS, as revealed from the experimental and molecular docking analysis.
迷迭香（RO）是一种广为人知的药用、芳香和烹饪草本植物，在欧洲民间医学中传统上用于治疗记忆缺陷和神经退行性疾病。本综述重点介绍了 RO 在临床前和临床试验中研究的不同神经保护活性，以及 RO 中发现的生物活性化合物的分子对接。通过使用关键词“迷迭香、神经保护作用、记忆、认知功能障碍、阿尔茨海默病”，在包括 PubMed、Web of Science（WoS）、Scopus 和临床试验在内的数据库中搜索 RO 的神经保护作用。RO 富含具有增强记忆潜力的次生代谢产物，通过不同的分子机制显示出神经保护作用，如抑制胆碱酯酶、调节多巴胺能和催产素能系统、调节氧化和炎症蛋白，涉及神经病理性疼痛等。RO 提取物表现出抗抑郁和抗焦虑活性。此外，该植物在东莨菪碱、脂多糖、AlCl 和 HO 诱导的健忘症以及淀粉样β和异亮氨酸酸诱导的神经毒性和慢性缩窄性损伤相关氧化应激记忆和认知障碍的动物模型中显示出疗效。目前有一些临床研究支持 RO 及其成分的神经保护作用。然而，需要更多的临床研究来进一步证实临床前研究的结果，并且应该包括不仅使用安慰剂对照研究，还包括使用批准药物的阳性对照研究。许多研究强调，RO 的成分可能具有开发针对阿尔茨海默病的候选药物的潜力，这些候选药物具有高生物利用度、低毒性和增强对中枢神经系统的穿透性，这是从实验和分子对接分析中揭示的。
