de Smith Adam J, Jiménez-Morales Silvia, Mejía-Aranguré Juan Manuel
Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Front Oncol. 2024 Jan 9;13:1299355. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299355. eCollection 2023.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children, and disproportionately affects children of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity in the United States, who have the highest incidence of disease compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Incidence of childhood ALL is similarly high in several Latin American countries, notably in Mexico, and of concern is the rising incidence of childhood ALL in some Hispanic/Latino populations that may further widen this disparity. Prior studies have implicated common germline genetic variants in the increased risk of ALL among Hispanic/Latino children. In this review, we describe the known disparities in ALL incidence as well as patient outcomes that disproportionately affect Hispanic/Latino children across the Americas, and we focus on the role of genetic variation as well as Indigenous American ancestry in the etiology of these disparities. Finally, we discuss future avenues of research to further our understanding of the causes of the disparities in ALL incidence and outcomes in children of Latin American origin, which will be required for future precision prevention efforts.
急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是儿童中最常见的癌症，在美国，西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童受其影响的比例过高，与其他种族/族裔群体相比，他们的发病率最高。在几个拉丁美洲国家，儿童ALL的发病率同样很高，尤其是在墨西哥，令人担忧的是，一些西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群中儿童ALL的发病率不断上升，这可能会进一步扩大这种差距。先前的研究表明，常见的种系基因变异与西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童患ALL的风险增加有关。在这篇综述中，我们描述了ALL发病率以及患者预后方面已知的差异，这些差异对美洲各地的西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童产生了不成比例的影响，并且我们关注基因变异以及美洲原住民血统在这些差异病因中的作用。最后，我们讨论了未来的研究途径，以加深我们对拉丁美洲裔儿童ALL发病率和预后差异原因的理解，这对于未来的精准预防工作是必要的。
