Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 25;25(3):1456. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031456.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represent major risk factors of HCC. Multiple different treatment options are available, depending on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm. Systemic treatment is reserved for certain patients in stages B and C, who will not benefit from regional treatment methods. In the last fifteen years, the arsenal of available therapeutics has largely expanded, which improved treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to these agents and novel combinations and drugs are needed. In this review, we aim to summarize the pathway of trials investigating the safety and efficacy of targeted therapeutics and immunotherapies since the introduction of sorafenib. Furthermore, we discuss the current evidence regarding resistance mechanisms and potential novel targets in the treatment of advanced HCC.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌。肝硬化、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和非酒精性脂肪性肝病是 HCC 的主要危险因素。根据巴塞罗那临床肝癌（BCLC）算法，有多种不同的治疗选择。对于 B 期和 C 期的某些患者，系统治疗保留用于那些不能从区域治疗方法中获益的患者。在过去的十五年中，可用疗法的武器库大大扩大，这改善了治疗效果。然而，并非所有患者对这些药物都有反应，需要新的组合和药物。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结自索拉非尼问世以来，靶向治疗和免疫疗法的临床试验在安全性和疗效方面的进展。此外，我们还讨论了晚期 HCC 治疗中耐药机制和潜在新靶点的最新证据。
