Lowenfels A B, Lindström C G, Conway M J, Hastings P R
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985 Jul;75(1):77-80.
The relationship between gallstones and gallbladder cancer was investigated in a case-control study in 131 subjects with gallbladder cancer and 2,399 subjects without gallbladder cancer. Included in the study were male and female subjects from 3 racial groups: white, black, and Southwestern American Indian. For the non-Indian group there was a significant relationship between gallstones and gallbladder cancer, with an overall estimated relative risk (RR) of 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-7.3). For the Indian population the overall estimated RR was much higher: RR = 20.9; 95% confidence interval = 8.1-54. By the combination of the RR, the prevalence of gallstones, and the overall incidence of gallbladder cancer, the risk of gallbladder cancer was calculated in each population for subjects with untreated gallstones. In older subjects with gallstones the estimated 20-year cumulative risk for gallbladder cancer ranged from 0.13% in black males to 1.5% in Indian females. It was concluded that the risk of gallbladder cancer in untreated subjects with gallstones is heterogeneous, depending on race and sex as well as the period of exposure to gallstones.
在一项病例对照研究中，对131例胆囊癌患者和2399例非胆囊癌患者进行了胆结石与胆囊癌关系的调查。研究对象包括来自白人、黑人、西南美洲印第安人这3个种族群体的男性和女性。对于非印第安人群体，胆结石与胆囊癌之间存在显著关联，总体估计相对风险（RR）为4.4（95%置信区间为2.6 - 7.3）。对于印第安人群体，总体估计RR要高得多：RR = 20.9；95%置信区间 = 8.1 - 54。通过结合RR、胆结石患病率和胆囊癌总体发病率，计算了各人群中未治疗胆结石患者患胆囊癌的风险。在患有胆结石的老年患者中，估计的胆囊癌20年累积风险范围从黑人男性的0.13%到印第安女性的1.5%。得出的结论是，未治疗的胆结石患者患胆囊癌的风险是异质性的，取决于种族、性别以及接触胆结石的时间。
