Wang Zhihui, Lei Yong, Liao Boshou
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China.
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 May 3;15:1393438. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393438. eCollection 2024.
Peanuts () are an essential oilseed crop known for their unique developmental process, characterized by aerial flowering followed by subterranean fruit development. This crop is polyploid, consisting of A and B subgenomes, which complicates its genetic analysis. The advent and progression of omics technologies-encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics-have significantly advanced our understanding of peanut biology, particularly in the context of seed development and the regulation of seed-associated traits. Following the completion of the peanut reference genome, research has utilized omics data to elucidate the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed weight, oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition, sucrose content, and seed coat color as well as the regulatory mechanisms governing seed development. This review aims to summarize the advancements in peanut seed development regulation and trait analysis based on reference genome-guided omics studies. It provides an overview of the significant progress made in understanding the molecular basis of peanut seed development, offering insights into the complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that influence key agronomic traits. These studies highlight the significance of omics data in profoundly elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of peanut seed development. Furthermore, they lay a foundational basis for future research on trait-related functional genes, highlighting the pivotal role of comprehensive genomic analysis in advancing our understanding of plant biology.
花生（）是一种重要的油料作物，以其独特的发育过程而闻名，其特点是先在地上开花，然后在地下结果。这种作物是多倍体，由A和B亚基因组组成，这使其遗传分析变得复杂。组学技术（包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、表观基因组学和代谢组学）的出现和发展，显著推进了我们对花生生物学的理解，特别是在种子发育以及与种子相关性状的调控方面。在花生参考基因组完成之后，研究利用组学数据阐明了与种子重量、油含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪酸组成、蔗糖含量和种皮颜色相关的数量性状位点（QTL），以及控制种子发育的调控机制。本综述旨在总结基于参考基因组引导的组学研究在花生种子发育调控和性状分析方面的进展。它概述了在理解花生种子发育的分子基础方面取得的重大进展，深入探讨了影响关键农艺性状的复杂遗传和表观遗传机制。这些研究突出了组学数据在深入阐明花生种子发育调控机制方面的重要性。此外，它们为未来与性状相关的功能基因研究奠定了基础，凸显了全面基因组分析在推进我们对植物生物学理解方面的关键作用。
