Hendricks Bailey A, B Vo Jacqueline, Dionne-Odom J Nicholas, Bakitas Marie A
School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Child Adolesc Social Work J. 2021 Oct;38(5):519-531. doi: 10.1007/s10560-021-00784-7. Epub 2021 Aug 7.
There are approximately 1.4 million young carers in the United States alone. Being a young carer can result in parentification, a type of role reversal that occurs when children take on the roles and responsibilities of the adult. The purpose of this concept analysis is to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of parentification among young carers through a description of its antecedents, attributes, and consequences using the steps of Rodgers' evolutionary method. The databases CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched to identify 25 articles. The antecedents of the concept include the dependency of the care receiver and the child's adoption of a caregiving role. The attributes include fairness, obligation, resiliency, individuation, confidence in performing care tasks, cultural normalcy, family system functioning, support system, family resources, caregiver-care receiver relationship, and awareness of the child's needs. Parentification has both positive and negative consequences that impact the young carer. The antecedents, consequences, and identifiable attributes of the concept are presented through this work to provide a comprehensive picture of parentification among young carers. These findings showcase the multidimensional nature of parentification and the broad impact that it can have on young carers. While these findings do provide greater insight into young carers, the fact remains that little is known about this underserved and underacknowledged population. This concept analysis provides a foundation of understanding that specifies potential targets for intervention development, as well as modifiable outcomes, that can be explored through future research and intervention work.
仅在美国就有约140万年轻照料者。成为一名年轻照料者可能会导致角色倒置，即当孩子承担起成年人的角色和责任时发生的一种角色转换。本概念分析的目的是通过使用罗杰斯的演化方法的步骤，描述其前因、属性和后果，来更好地理解年轻照料者中的角色倒置现象。检索了CINAHL、PubMed、PsycINFO和Scopus数据库以识别25篇文章。该概念的前因包括受照料者的依赖性以及孩子承担照料角色。属性包括公平性、义务、复原力、个性化、执行照料任务的信心、文化常态、家庭系统功能、支持系统、家庭资源、照料者与受照料者的关系以及对孩子需求的认知。角色倒置对年轻照料者有积极和消极的后果。通过这项工作呈现了该概念的前因、后果和可识别的属性，以全面描绘年轻照料者中的角色倒置情况。这些发现展示了角色倒置的多维度性质以及它对年轻照料者可能产生的广泛影响。虽然这些发现确实为年轻照料者提供了更多的见解，但事实仍然是，对于这个未得到充分服务和认可的群体知之甚少。本概念分析提供了一个理解基础，明确了干预发展的潜在目标以及可改变的结果，这些可以通过未来的研究和干预工作进行探索。
