Dentate gyrus ensembles gate context-dependent neural states and memory retrieval.

Memories of events are linked to the contexts in which they were encoded. This contextual linking ensures enhanced access to those memories that are most relevant to the context at hand, including specific associations that were previously learned in that context. This principle, referred to as encoding specificity, predicts that context-specific neural states should bias retrieval of particular associations over others, potentially allowing for the disambiguation of retrieval cues that may have multiple associations or meanings. Using a context-odor paired associate learning paradigm in mice, here, we show that chemogenetic manipulation of dentate gyrus ensembles corresponding to specific contexts reinstates context-specific neural states in downstream CA1 and biases retrieval toward context-specific associations.