Di Luzio Michelangelo, Pontillo Maria, Di Vincenzo Cristina, Bellantoni Domenica, Demaria Francesco, Vicari Stefano
Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Schizophr Bull Open. 2022 Nov 4;3(1):sgac068. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac068. eCollection 2022 Jan.
"Ultra-high risk" for psychosis young adults are assumed to be at higher risk of developing a psychotic spectrum disorder. Predominantly, the ultrahigh-risk population is aged 18-35 years, but it may also include younger children and adolescents. Individuals in this population experience psychosis prodromes in the form of attenuated or brief psychotic symptoms (particularly perceptual abnormalities). Albeit diagnosis is made via structured interviews, such measures fail to sufficiently assess the precise form and content of perceptual abnormalities, especially as they manifest in children and adolescents.
The present study involved a systematic review of the literature on perceptual abnormalities (particularly hallucinations) in ultrahigh-risk children and adolescents.
The analysis reviewed five studies and drew conclusions about the perceptual abnormalities (ie, hallucinations) experienced by the study samples, focusing on form, content, and associations with other symptoms. Of note, 2 of the investigated studies suggested a relationship between hallucinations and experiences of childhood trauma.
The transition to psychosis and experiences of childhood trauma could correspond to different types of hallucinations in ultrahigh-risk children and adolescents. This knowledge could improve the identification of prodromal states in the young, ultrahigh-risk population.
精神病“超高风险”的年轻成年人被认为发展为精神病性谱系障碍的风险更高。主要而言，超高风险人群年龄在18至35岁之间，但也可能包括更小的儿童和青少年。该人群个体经历以减弱或短暂精神病性症状（尤其是感知觉异常）形式出现的精神病前驱症状。尽管通过结构化访谈进行诊断，但此类措施未能充分评估感知觉异常的精确形式和内容，尤其是在儿童和青少年中表现出来的情况。
本研究对超高风险儿童和青少年感知觉异常（尤其是幻觉）的文献进行了系统综述。
该分析回顾了五项研究，并就研究样本所经历的感知觉异常（即幻觉）得出结论，重点关注形式、内容以及与其他症状的关联。值得注意的是，两项被调查研究表明幻觉与童年创伤经历之间存在关联。
向精神病的转变以及童年创伤经历可能对应于超高风险儿童和青少年中不同类型的幻觉。这一认识有助于更好地识别年轻超高风险人群的前驱状态。
