Vasić Katja, Knez Željko, Leitgeb Maja
Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Aug 14;15(8):227. doi: 10.3390/jfb15080227.
A wide range of applications using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in biomedical applications, such as in biomedicine as well as in biotechnology, have been extensively expanding over the last years. Their potential is tremendous in delivery and targeting systems due to their advantages in biosubstance binding. By applying magnetic materials-based biomaterials to different organic polymers, highly advanced multifunctional bio-composites with high specificity, efficiency, and optimal bioavailability are designed and implemented in various bio-applications. In modern drug delivery, the importance of a successful therapy depends on the proper targeting of loaded bioactive components to specific sites in the body. MNPs are nanocarrier-based systems that are magnetically guided to specific regions using an external magnetic field. Therefore, MNPs are an excellent tool for different biomedical applications, in the form of imaging agents, sensors, drug delivery targets/vehicles, and diagnostic tools in managing disease therapy. A great contribution was made to improve engineering skills in surgical diagnosis, therapy, and treatment, while the advantages and applicability of MNPs have opened up a large scope of studies. This review highlights MNPs and their synthesis strategies, followed by surface functionalization techniques, which makes them promising magnetic biomaterials in biomedicine, with special emphasis on drug delivery. Mechanism of the delivery system with key factors affecting the drug delivery efficiency using MNPs are discussed, considering their toxicity and limitations as well.
在过去几年中，功能化磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）在生物医学应用（如生物医学和生物技术领域）中的广泛应用一直在大幅扩展。由于其在生物物质结合方面的优势，它们在递送和靶向系统中具有巨大潜力。通过将基于磁性材料的生物材料应用于不同的有机聚合物，可设计并在各种生物应用中实现具有高特异性、高效性和最佳生物利用度的高度先进的多功能生物复合材料。在现代药物递送中，成功治疗的关键在于将负载的生物活性成分正确靶向至体内特定部位。MNPs是以纳米载体为基础的系统，可利用外部磁场将其磁性引导至特定区域。因此，MNPs作为成像剂、传感器、药物递送靶点/载体以及疾病治疗管理中的诊断工具，是用于不同生物医学应用的极佳工具。这为提高手术诊断、治疗和处理方面的工程技能做出了巨大贡献，同时MNPs的优势和适用性也开启了广泛的研究领域。本综述重点介绍了MNPs及其合成策略，随后阐述了表面功能化技术，这些使得它们成为生物医学领域有前景的磁性生物材料，尤其着重于药物递送。还讨论了使用MNPs的递送系统的机制以及影响药物递送效率的关键因素，并考虑了它们的毒性和局限性。
