Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2024 Nov;1541(1):37-52. doi: 10.1111/nyas.15238. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
In this article, we explore the connections between two distinct approaches: experiential learning (EL) and 4E cognition. EL emphasizes the role of concrete experiences as the building blocks of learning, whereas 4E cognition views cognition as arising from the interactions that an individual has with their physical and social environment. Despite their divergent theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and interests, we argue that both frameworks share a common vision of cognition and that their integration could mutually enhance their respective fields. This article outlines the historical origins and underlying assumptions of both frameworks, highlighting the potential links that can be established between them. Specifically, we explore the significance of embodiment, embeddedness, extended cognition, and enactive processes in learning and cognition. To bridge these frameworks, we propose employing the concept of "concrete experience" as an active engagement of individuals with their physical and social surroundings. By encompassing the essential aspects assigned to concrete experiences in EL, as well as the embodiment, situatedness, extended cognition, and enactive features of 4E cognition, this notion serves as a unifying element. Ultimately, the article suggests that combining the insights from EL and 4E cognition can offer a richer, more holistic understanding of representation.
在本文中,我们探讨了两种截然不同的方法之间的联系:体验式学习(EL)和 4E 认知。EL 强调具体经验作为学习的基石的作用,而 4E 认知则认为认知源于个体与其物理和社会环境的相互作用。尽管它们的理论框架、方法论和兴趣存在差异,但我们认为这两个框架都共享一种认知的共同愿景,并且它们的整合可以相互增强各自的领域。本文概述了这两个框架的历史起源和基本假设,强调了它们之间可以建立的潜在联系。具体来说,我们探讨了体现、嵌入、扩展认知和能动过程在学习和认知中的意义。为了弥合这些框架之间的差距,我们提出采用“具体经验”的概念,将其作为个体与物理和社会环境积极互动的方式。通过包含 EL 中赋予具体经验的基本方面,以及 4E 认知的体现、情境性、扩展认知和能动特征,这个概念成为了一个统一的要素。最终,本文认为,将 EL 和 4E 认知的见解结合起来,可以提供对表现的更丰富、更全面的理解。