Ewing Emily L, Mackaronis Julia E, Poole Elaine M, Critchfield Kenneth L, Gunn Heather E
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Roger Saux Health Center of the Quinault Indian Nation, Taholah, WA, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2024 Dec;27(4):1088-1112. doi: 10.1007/s10567-024-00504-4. Epub 2024 Oct 21.
Two dimensions of parenting behaviors-affiliative/non-affiliative and autonomy/control- are each consistently linked to adolescent sleep health. Parenting behaviors that facilitate good sleep likely involve affiliation (i.e., warmth) and some degree of parental guidance and appropriate autonomy-granting to the adolescent; however, these domains are often confounded in parenting assessments, which limits understanding and specificity of recommendations for providers and families on how to optimize adolescents' sleep. Thus, we categorized existing literature according to an interpersonal developmental framework to identify parenting behaviors most strongly linked to adolescent sleep health. Studies (k = 42) included 43,293 participants (M age = 14.84, SD age = 2.04). Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) interpersonal coding was applied to define and operationalize parenting behaviors (independent variables). Dependent variables included measures of sleep health (i.e., sleep regularity, duration, efficiency, latency, timing, quality, alertness/sleepiness) and sleep disturbance. The final effect size of interest for analysis was a correlation coefficient r. Optimal parenting behaviors (e.g., warm, autonomy-granting, moderately controlling) were associated with longer sleep duration, earlier bedtime, less daytime sleepiness, shorter sleep latency, and fewer sleep disturbances. Suboptimal parenting behaviors (e.g., hostile, controlling) were associated with more daytime sleepiness and more sleep disturbances. This is one of the first studies to specify that, when paired with affiliation, both moderate control and moderate autonomy-granting were associated with better adolescent sleep health. Findings indicate that the importance of parental interpersonal warmth extends into adolescence and further suggest that the interpersonal security necessary for good sleep includes appropriate use of control and autonomy-granting behaviors.
养育行为的两个维度——亲和/非亲和以及自主/控制——均与青少年的睡眠健康始终存在关联。促进良好睡眠的养育行为可能涉及亲和（即温暖）以及一定程度的父母指导和对青少年适当的自主权授予；然而，这些领域在养育评估中常常相互混淆，这限制了为提供者和家庭提供的关于如何优化青少年睡眠的建议的理解和针对性。因此，我们根据人际发展框架对现有文献进行分类，以确定与青少年睡眠健康联系最紧密的养育行为。研究（k = 42）包括43,293名参与者（平均年龄M = 14.84，标准差SD年龄 = 2.04）。应用社会行为结构分析（SASB）人际编码来定义和操作养育行为（自变量）。因变量包括睡眠健康指标（即睡眠规律性、时长、效率、入睡潜伏期、时间安排、质量、警觉性/困倦程度）以及睡眠障碍。分析最终关注的效应大小为相关系数r。最佳养育行为（例如温暖、授予自主权、适度控制）与更长的睡眠时间、更早的就寝时间、更少的日间困倦、更短的入睡潜伏期以及更少的睡眠障碍相关。次优养育行为（例如敌意、控制）与更多的日间困倦和更多的睡眠障碍相关。这是首批明确指出的研究之一，即与亲和相结合时，适度控制和适度授予自主权均与更好的青少年睡眠健康相关。研究结果表明，父母人际温暖的重要性延伸至青春期，进一步表明良好睡眠所需的人际安全感包括对控制和授予自主权行为的适当运用。
