State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 11;25(20):10934. doi: 10.3390/ijms252010934.
Electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) plays an important function in fatty acid beta oxidation and the amino acid metabolic pathway. It can provide pathogenicity to some opportunistic fungi via modulating cellular metabolite composition. is a typical invasion fungus to nematodes. Its ETF characterization is still unknown. Here, we showed that the mutations of ETF ( and ) and its dehydrogenase () led to severe defects in mitochondrial integrity and blocked fatty acid metabolism. The pathogenicity-associated trap structures were completely suppressed when exposed to nematode-derived ascarosides and nutrition signals, including ammonia and urea. Compared to the wild-type strain, the nematode predatory activity was significantly reduced and delayed. But surprisingly, the rich nutrition could restore the massive trap and robust predatory activity in the mutant beyond all induction cues. Moreover, the deletion of has led to the accumulation of butyrate-like smell, which has a strong attraction to nematodes. Ultimately, ETF and its dehydrogenase play a crucial role in nematode-trapping fungi, highlighting mitochondrial metabolite fluctuations that are connected to pathogenesis and further regulating the interactions between fungi and nematodes.
电子传递黄素蛋白 (ETF) 在脂肪酸β氧化和氨基酸代谢途径中发挥着重要作用。它可以通过调节细胞代谢物组成，为一些机会性真菌提供致病性。是一种典型的侵袭线虫的真菌。但其 ETF 的特征仍不清楚。在这里，我们发现 ETF 的突变（和）及其脱氢酶（）导致线粒体完整性严重缺陷，并阻断脂肪酸代谢。当暴露于线虫来源的ascarosides 和营养信号（包括氨和尿素）时，与致病性相关的诱捕结构完全被抑制。与野生型菌株相比，线虫捕食活性显著降低且延迟。但令人惊讶的是，丰富的营养可以在没有任何诱导信号的情况下，使突变体中的大量诱捕结构和强大的捕食活性完全恢复。此外，缺失 会导致类似丁酸的气味积累，这对线虫具有很强的吸引力。最终，ETF 和其脱氢酶在线虫诱捕真菌中起着至关重要的作用，突出了与发病机制相关的线粒体代谢物波动，并进一步调节了真菌与线虫之间的相互作用。
