Tobias Dominik, Helm Paul Christian, Bauer Ulrike Maria Margarethe, Niessner Claudia, Hahn Sigrid, Siaplaouras Jannos, Apitz Christian
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children Hospital, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Children (Basel). 2024 Oct 19;11(10):1264. doi: 10.3390/children11101264.
Malnutrition and poor weight gain has been reported in infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs); however data in older children with CHDs are limited. In order to obtain representative data on the nutritional status, dietary behavior, and potential influencing factors in school-aged children with CHDs, we performed a nationwide online survey. Patients aged 6 to 17 years registered in the German National Register for CHDs were asked to participate in this study by completing the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) eating study questionnaire in order to assess their self-reported dietary habits. The use of the same questionnaire enabled a comparison with a representative subset of 4569 participants of the KiGGS study. A total of 894 patients (mean age 12.5 ± 3.0 years; 47.2% female) were enrolled. Patients were allocated according to anatomic complexity into simple (23.8%), moderate (37.8%), and complex CHDs (38.4%). The consumption of sugar-containing food ( < 0.001) and fast food ( < 0.05) was significantly lower among the CHD patients than in the healthy children. Children with CHDs showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) percentiles ( < 0.001) compared with their healthy peers, while children with complex and moderate CHDs had the lowest BMI. While in CHD patients, the BMI percentiles were not related to unhealthy food, there was a strong correlation with the CHD severity and number of previous interventions ( < 0.01). According to this nationwide survey, school-aged children with complex CHD are at risk of undernutrition, which is not due to dietary habits but to CHD severity and repeated surgery.
据报道，患有先天性心脏病（CHD）的婴儿存在营养不良和体重增加不佳的情况；然而，关于患有CHD的大龄儿童的数据有限。为了获取有关患有CHD的学龄儿童营养状况、饮食行为及潜在影响因素的代表性数据，我们开展了一项全国性在线调查。邀请在德国国家先天性心脏病注册系统中登记的6至17岁患者，通过填写德国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS）饮食研究问卷来参与本研究，以评估他们自我报告的饮食习惯。使用相同的问卷能够与KiGGS研究中4569名参与者的代表性子集进行比较。共纳入894例患者（平均年龄12.5±3.0岁；47.2%为女性）。根据解剖复杂性将患者分为简单型（23.8%）、中型（37.8%）和复杂型CHD（38.4%）。CHD患者中含糖食物（<0.001）和快餐（<0.05）的摄入量显著低于健康儿童。与健康同龄人相比，患有CHD的儿童体重指数（BMI）百分位数显著更低（<0.001），而患有复杂型和中型CHD的儿童BMI最低。在CHD患者中，BMI百分位数与不健康食物无关，但与CHD严重程度和既往干预次数密切相关（<0.01）。根据这项全国性调查，患有复杂型CHD的学龄儿童存在营养不足风险，这并非由于饮食习惯，而是由于CHD严重程度和反复手术。
