Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Dec;24(12):e774-e781. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00438-9. Epub 2024 Aug 9.
Changes in the epidemiology and ecology of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza are devastating wild bird and poultry populations, farms and communities, and wild mammals worldwide. Having originated in farmed poultry, H5N1 viruses are now spread globally by wild birds, with transmission to many mammal and avian species, resulting in 2024 in transmission among dairy cattle with associated human cases. These ecological changes pose challenges to mitigating the impacts of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza on wildlife, ecosystems, domestic animals, food security, and humans. H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza highlights the need for One Health approaches to pandemic prevention and preparedness, emphasising multisectoral collaborations among animal, environmental, and public health sectors. Action is needed to reduce future pandemic risks by preventing transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza among domestic and wild animals and people, focusing on upstream drivers of outbreaks, and ensuring rapid responses and risk assessments for zoonotic outbreaks. Political commitment and sustainable funding are crucial to implementing and maintaining prevention programmes, surveillance, and outbreak responses.
H5N1 高致病性禽流感在流行病学和生态学上的变化正在摧毁世界各地的野生鸟类和家禽种群、农场和社区，以及野生动物。H5N1 病毒最初起源于家禽，现在通过野生鸟类在全球传播，传播给许多哺乳动物和鸟类物种，导致 2024 年在奶牛中传播，并伴有人类病例。这些生态变化给减轻 H5N1 高致病性禽流感对野生动物、生态系统、家畜、食品安全和人类的影响带来了挑战。H5N1 高致病性禽流感突出表明，需要采取“同一健康”方法来预防和准备大流行病，强调动物、环境和公共卫生部门之间的多部门合作。需要采取行动，通过预防家养和野生动物以及人类之间的高致病性禽流感传播来减少未来大流行病的风险，重点关注疫情的上游驱动因素，并确保对人畜共患疫情做出快速反应和风险评估。政治承诺和可持续供资对于实施和维持预防方案、监测和疫情应对至关重要。
