Racine E
Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
J Bioeth Inq. 2024 Nov 5. doi: 10.1007/s11673-024-10391-7.
As a field, ethics is driven by the desire to help guide human life and human activities. Yet, what are the standards or guideposts indicating that a given policy or practice change actually contributes meaningfully to such desires and aspirations? In other words, how do we know if we have achieved meaningful ethical outcomes and enactment processes? Unfortunately, there are many examples of ethically oriented actions that were well intentioned but carried out in a way that undermined some of the values they intended on promoting or led to unexpected undesirable outcomes. In this paper, building on an account of ethics as a pragmatist pursuit of deliberative wisdom, I identify and discuss four procedural guideposts which can help evaluate if a process of inquiry is an ethical one oriented toward human flourishing. First, situational awareness and continuity designates the need to keep in sight the nature of the situation at stake to ensure that the enactment process does not derail from a cardinal human flourishing orientation. Second, a meaningful ethical enactment should distribute opportunities for participation such that it is not only one's autonomy (e.g., the ethicist) that is developed and exercised but that positive relationships are also fostered through the growth of others. Third, enactments must strive for more than simple avoidance of encroachment of wrongs but aim for the promotion of praiseworthy practices that pursue what is envisioned as being the better and most compelling vision. Fourth, an ethics process should be conducive of personal growth and mutual learning.
作为一个领域,伦理学是由帮助引导人类生活和人类活动的愿望所驱动的。然而,哪些标准或路标能够表明特定的政策或实践变革实际上对这些愿望和抱负做出了有意义的贡献呢?换句话说,我们如何知道我们是否实现了有意义的伦理结果和制定过程呢?不幸的是,有许多以伦理为导向的行动,其出发点是好的,但实施方式却破坏了它们原本想要促进的一些价值观,或者导致了意想不到的不良后果。在本文中,基于将伦理学视为对审慎智慧的实用主义追求这一观点,我识别并讨论了四个程序路标,它们有助于评估一个探究过程是否是一个以人类繁荣为导向的伦理过程。第一,情境意识和连续性意味着需要时刻关注所涉情况的本质,以确保制定过程不会偏离人类繁荣的基本方向。第二,有意义的伦理制定应该分配参与机会,这样不仅能发展和锻炼个人的自主性(例如伦理学家的自主性),还能通过他人的成长促进积极的人际关系。第三,制定必须不仅仅力求简单地避免错误的侵犯,还要致力于推广值得赞扬的实践,追求被视为更好、更有说服力的愿景。第四,伦理过程应该有利于个人成长和相互学习。