Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Nov 1;19:11023-11038. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S486014. eCollection 2024.
Hypocrellin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is developing as a viable cancer therapeutic option, especially when enhanced by nanoconjugation. This review investigates the methods by which nano-conjugated hypocrellin enhances therapeutic efficacy and precision when targeting cancer cells. These nanoconjugates encapsulate or covalently bind hypocrellin photosensitizers (PSs), allowing them to accumulate preferentially in malignancies. When activated by light, the nanoconjugates produce singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress that selectively destroys cancer cells while protecting healthy tissues. We look at how they can be used to treat a variety of cancers. Clinical and preclinical studies show that they have advantages such as increased water solubility, improved tumor penetration, longer circulation times, and tailored delivery, all of which contribute to fewer off-target effects and overall toxicity. Ongoing research focuses on improving these nanoconjugates for better tumor targeting, drug release kinetics, and overcoming biological obstacles. Furthermore, the incorporation of developing technologies such as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and combination therapies opens exciting opportunities for enhancing hypocrellin-based PDT. In conclusion, the combination of hypocrellin and nanotechnology constitutes a significant approach to cancer treatment, increasing the efficacy and safety of PDT. Future research will seek to create conjugates including hypocrellin, herceptin, and gold nanoparticles to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in vitro, opening possibilities for therapeutic applications.
基于竹红菌素的光动力疗法（PDT）正在发展成为一种可行的癌症治疗选择，特别是在与纳米结合后。本综述研究了纳米结合竹红菌素如何在靶向癌细胞时提高治疗效果和精度。这些纳米复合物包裹或共价结合竹红菌素光敏剂（PS），使其优先在恶性肿瘤中积累。当被光激活时，纳米复合物会产生单线态氧和其他活性氧物质（ROS），导致氧化应激，从而选择性地破坏癌细胞，同时保护健康组织。我们研究了它们如何用于治疗各种癌症。临床前和临床研究表明，它们具有增加的水溶性、改善的肿瘤穿透性、更长的循环时间和靶向递送等优点，所有这些都有助于减少脱靶效应和整体毒性。目前的研究重点是改进这些纳米复合物，以实现更好的肿瘤靶向、药物释放动力学和克服生物学障碍。此外，将刺激响应性纳米载体和联合治疗等新兴技术结合起来，为增强基于竹红菌素的 PDT 提供了令人兴奋的机会。总之，竹红菌素与纳米技术的结合构成了癌症治疗的一种重要方法，提高了 PDT 的疗效和安全性。未来的研究将寻求创建包括竹红菌素、曲妥珠单抗和金纳米颗粒的缀合物，以诱导体外人乳腺癌细胞凋亡，为治疗应用开辟可能性。
