Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University.
Am Psychol. 2024 Nov;79(8):1123-1138. doi: 10.1037/amp0001279.
Though youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater risk for poor behavioral and mental health outcomes, many go on to show resilience in the face of adversity. A few recent studies have identified neural markers of resilience in cognitive and affective brain networks, yet the broader network organization supporting resilience in youth remains unknown, particularly in relation to neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, most studies have defined resilience as the absence of psychopathology, which does not consider growing evidence that resilience also includes positive outcomes across multiple domains (e.g., social, academic). We examined associations between brain network organization and multiple resilience domains in a sample of 708 twins (7-19 years old) recruited from neighborhoods with above-average poverty levels. Graph analysis on functional connectivity data from resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterize features of intrinsic whole-brain and network-level organization, from which we explored associations with resilience in three domains: psychological, social, and academic. Fewer connections between a brain network involved in self-referential processing (i.e., default mode network) and the subcortical system were associated with greater social resilience. Further, greater whole-brain functional integration (i.e., efficiency) was associated with better psychological resilience among youth with relatively lower levels of cumulative adversity exposure. Alternatively, lower whole-brain efficiency and higher whole-brain robustness to disruption (i.e., assortativity) were associated with greater psychological and social resilience among youth with relatively higher levels of cumulative adversity. These findings advance support for multidimensional resilience models and reveal distinct neural mechanisms supporting resilience to neighborhood disadvantage across specific domains in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
尽管生活在贫困社区的年轻人面临更大的行为和心理健康问题风险，但许多人在逆境中表现出了韧性。最近的一些研究已经确定了认知和情感大脑网络中韧性的神经标志物，但支持年轻人韧性的更广泛的网络组织仍然未知，尤其是与邻里劣势有关。此外，大多数研究将韧性定义为没有精神病理学，这并没有考虑到越来越多的证据表明韧性还包括多个领域（如社交、学术）的积极成果。我们在一个由来自贫困水平较高的社区的 708 对双胞胎（7-19 岁）组成的样本中，研究了大脑网络组织与多个韧性领域之间的关联。我们使用功能磁共振成像的静息态和任务态功能连接数据的图分析来描述整个大脑和网络水平的内在组织的特征，并从这些特征中探索了与三个领域的韧性之间的关联：心理、社会和学术。参与自我参照处理的大脑网络（即默认模式网络）与皮质下系统之间的连接较少与更大的社会韧性有关。此外，在经历相对较低水平的累积逆境的年轻人中，大脑整体功能整合（即效率）较高与更好的心理韧性有关。相反，在经历相对较高水平的累积逆境的年轻人中，大脑整体效率较低和对破坏的整体稳健性（即同配性）较高与更大的心理和社会韧性有关。这些发现为多维韧性模型提供了支持，并揭示了支持年轻人克服邻里劣势的特定领域的不同神经机制。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
