Budka H
Acta Neuropathol. 1986;69(3-4):253-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00688301.
Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were found in the brains of two patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but were absent in five other AIDS brains. In one case there was a distinctive distribution of MGCs in disseminated clusters; damage of brain parenchyma was minor or absent. In another case, MGCs were restricted largely to the perivascular spaces and were accompanied by lesions of toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection. In paraffin sections, morphological and histochemical-staining characteristics of MGCs were similar to those of macrophages. Occasional immuno-labeling of MGCs with monoclonal antibody to leukocyte common antigen suggested a hematogenous origin. MGCs were not stained by immunocytochemistry for neural markers glial fibrillary acidic protein, S 100 protein, neurofilament proteins, neuron specific enolase, and myelin basic protein and, therefore, appear unlikely to originate from the neuroepithelium. In the absence of evidence of other infections in case 1, the peculiar tissue reaction found could be a direct result of infection by the AIDS retrovirus. The formation of MGCs is likely to represent a cytopathic effect of the virus on lymphoid or monohistiocytic cells infiltrating the brain (infection of these cells could occur before or after they entered the brain). These assumptions are supported by the finding of similar MGCs in permissive lymphoid cell cultures after infection with the AIDS retrovirus.
在两名获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者的大脑中发现了多核巨细胞（MGCs），但在其他五例艾滋病患者的大脑中未发现。在一个病例中，MGCs以散在簇状的形式呈现出独特的分布；脑实质损伤轻微或无损伤。在另一个病例中，MGCs主要局限于血管周围间隙，并伴有弓形虫病和巨细胞病毒感染的病变。在石蜡切片中，MGCs的形态和组织化学染色特征与巨噬细胞相似。偶尔用白细胞共同抗原单克隆抗体对MGCs进行免疫标记表明其起源于血源性。MGCs未被神经标记物胶质纤维酸性蛋白、S100蛋白、神经丝蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶和髓鞘碱性蛋白的免疫细胞化学染色，因此似乎不太可能起源于神经上皮。在病例1中，在没有其他感染证据的情况下，所发现的特殊组织反应可能是艾滋病逆转录病毒感染的直接结果。MGCs的形成可能代表病毒对浸润大脑的淋巴细胞或单核组织细胞的细胞病变效应（这些细胞在进入大脑之前或之后都可能被感染）。艾滋病逆转录病毒感染后，在允许的淋巴细胞培养物中发现类似的MGCs，这一发现支持了这些假设。
